damage Flashcards
Cytopathic Effects (CPEs):
virus-induced damage to the cell that alters its microscopic appearance
Types of CPEs include
Gross changes in shape and size
Development of intracellular changes
Inclusion bodies: compacted masses of viruses or damaged cell organelles in the nucleus and cytoplasm
Syncytia: fusion of multiple host cells into single large cells containing multiple nuclei
compacted masses of viruses or damaged cell organelles in the nucleus and cytoplasm
Inclusion bodies
fusion of multiple host cells into single large cells containing multiple nuclei
Syncytia
Accumulated damage from a virus infection
kills most cells.
Viruses and Cancer:Transformation
: the effect of oncogenic, or cancer-causing viruses:
Some viruses carry genes that directly cause cancer.
Other viruses produce proteins that induce a loss of growth regulation, leading to cancer.
Viruses and Cancer:Transformed cells:
Increased rate of growth
Alterations in chromosomes
Changes in cell surface molecules
Capacity to divide indefinitely
Viruses and Cancer:Oncoviruses:
mammalian viruses capable of initiating tumors
Papillomaviruses
Herpes virus
Hepatitis B virus
HTLV I
Viruses That Infect Bacteria
Bacteriophage
T-even bacteriophage
: “bacteria eating”
Most contain double-stranded DNA, but some RNA types exist as well.
Every bacterial species is parasitized by various specific _____
Often make the bacteria they infect more pathogenic
Bacteriophage
Infect E. coli
Structure:
Icosahedral capsid containing DNA
Central tube surrounded by a sheath
Collar
Base plate
Tail pins
T-even bacteriophage
Viral Multiplication: For a virus to multiply
It must invade a host cell
It must take over the host’s metabolic machinery
