da 1

Question 1

what rae the principles of conditioning

Answer 1

If an action leads to a reward that action is likley to be repeated

Question 2

the law of effect

Answer 2

Thorndike (1898)- tendency to carry out an action.
Pleasant stimulus increase action unpleasant less often.
- based on its immediate consequence.

Question 3

what is positive reinforcement

Answer 3

occurrence of pleasant stimuli increases the probability of responses leading to its delivery

Question 4

what is negative reinforcement

Answer 4

the decrease of negative stimuli. increase

Question 5

punishment

Answer 5

decrease frequency of response.

Question 6

whats the difference between classical and operant conditioning ?

Answer 6

classical conditioning is association of two stimuli. Operant conditioning involves consequences and the animal is the agent

Question 7

what is reward?

Answer 7

a stimulus is rewarding if an animal will work for it.

Question 8

Can we use animal models

Answer 8

yes evidence from classical conditioning studies suggest that animals have the ability to learn.
Furthermore - reward circuitry is preserved from rat to human

Question 9

How does the brain process reward

Answer 9

Olds and Milner (1954) implanted rats with deep brain stimulating electrodes. the NAc was electrically stimulated. Rats would repeatedly return to areas where they receieved the stimulation .

Also rats train to self stimulate the NAc chose it over any other stimuli

Question 10

Wise (1996)

Answer 10

frequency of self stimulation is adjusted by pharmacological manipulation of DA.
Amphetamine increases reward value of stimuli.
Pimozide (da antagonist) reduces reward value of stimuli.