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Boram > D3 - Cyber Hacking > Flashcards

D3 - Cyber Hacking Flashcards

1
Q

confrontation

A

대치, 대립

In the Obama administration’s most direct confrontation with China over its theft of corporate secrets

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2
Q

theft

A

절도

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3
Q

indictment

A
  1. [C] (특히 美) 고발장, 기소장
  2. [U] (특히 美) 기소
  3. (제도・사회 등의) 폐단의 흔적

the Justice Department on Monday unsealed an indictment of five members of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army and charged them with hacking into the networks of Westinghouse Electric

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4
Q

noms de guerre

A

가명[주로군대] a false name which is sometimes used by people who belong to an unofficial military organization.

including its best-known hackers known online by the noms de guerre “UglyGorilla” and “KandyGoo.”

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5
Q

intelligence agencies

A

정보부

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6
Q

turn over

A
  1. to deliver; transfer ~를 (경찰 등에) 넘기다[맡기다]
  2. 몸[자세]을 뒤집다; 뒤집히다
  3. ~을 뒤집다
  4. ~의 매출을 올리다[내다]

there is virtually no chance that the Chinese would turn over the five People’s Liberation Army members named in the indictment.

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7
Q

systematically

A

조직적으로, 분류법에 근거하여

The hacking unit invaded the networks of American corporate targets, systematically copying their emails and, in some cases, infecting their computers with malware.

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8
Q

malware

A

(컴퓨터) 컴퓨터 (시스템) 파괴 소프트웨어.

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9
Q

instance

A

사례, 경우

for one instance

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10
Q

derail

A

[동사] 기차가[를] 탈선하다[시키다]

After a year in which the dialogue between the two countries was derailed by Edward J. Snowden’s disclosures about the United States’ own spying efforts in China,

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11
Q

grounds

A
  1. (관심・지식의) 분야[영역], 화제
  2. (타당한 또는 진짜) 이유
  3. 찌꺼기

the charges leveled by the Justice Department marked an effort by the Obama administration to return the debate over to grounds they think are more favorable to the United States: intellectual property theft.

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12
Q

leveled

A
  1. MAKE FLAT | 평평[반반]하게 하다
  2. DESTROY | (건물・나무를) 완전히 무너뜨리다
  3. MAKE EQUAL | 동등[대등/비슷]하게 만들다
  4. POINT | 특히 총을) 겨누다

the charges leveled by the Justice Department marked an effort by the Obama administration to return the debate over to grounds they think are more favorable to the United States: intellectual property theft.

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13
Q

ground

A
  1. AREA OF KNOWLEDGE/IDEAS | [U] (관심・지식의) 분야[영역], 화제
  2. GOOD REASON | [C] [주로 복수로] ~ for sth/for doing sth ~의 (타당한 또는 진짜) 이유

grounds they think are more favorable to the United States: intellectual property theft.

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14
Q

norms

A

규범,표준,기준

They have attempted to engage the Chinese in a dialogue over norms for operating in cyberspace

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15
Q

halt

A
  1. 멈추다, 서다; 세우다, 중단시키다
  2. n-멈춤, 간이역

But it is a legal and diplomatic gamble whether this approach is more likely to halt attacks that a classified American report circulated last year said were directed at more than 3,000 American companies.

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16
Q

classified

A
  1. 정보가 기밀의 기밀 정보/서류/자료

2. 주제별로 분류된

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17
Q

security clearance

A

기밀 정보의 취급 허가

18
Q

out of bound

A

아웃오브바운드, 경기선 밖을 넘은.

it is out of bounds to use state-run intelligence assets to seek commercial advantage.

19
Q

espionage

A

스파이[간첩] 행위

it was out of bounds for China to use state espionage operations to gain commercial advantages.

20
Q

hypocritical

A

위선의, 위선(자)적인

The Chinese used Jone’s disclosure to make the case that the position of the United States is hypocritical because it also conducts attacks on Chinese firms.

21
Q

case

A

1.주장

22
Q

denounced

A
  1. 맹렬히 비난하다
  2. ~ sb (as sth) (불법적인 정치 활동에 대해) 고발하다

China denounced the indictment, saying it was based on “fabricated facts”

23
Q

fabricated facts

A

날조된 사실

24
Q

friction

A

마찰,~ (between A and B) (사람 사이의) 마찰[알력]

Rising steel and solar exports from China have created friction with American companies and officials over worries that Beijing unfairly subsidizes its domestic players.

25
Q

subsidizes

A

보조금을 주다

26
Q

crack down

A

엄중 단속하다

The indictment also described how the Chinese unit broke into the systems of the United Steelworkers union, which has long pressed American officials to crack down on Chinese trade practices that it views as harming American workers.

27
Q

count

A
  1. CRIME | (법률) 기소 조항, 죄목, 소인[소송 원인]
  2. (논의나 주장 중에 나온) 사항

The F.B.I. director, James B. Comey, said in an interview that federal authorities, who filed the 31-count indictment in Pittsburgh, had not brought the charges to generate publicity.

28
Q

publicity

A
  1. 매스컴[언론]의 관심[주목]

2. 홍보광고

29
Q

put up

A
  1. (아이디어 등을) 내놓다[제시하다]
  2. (싸움·시합에서 어떤 기량·결의 등을) 보이다

“If we fabricated all this, then come over to Pittsburgh and embarrass us by forcing us to put up or shut up and we’ll put up,” Mr. Comey said

30
Q

convicted

A

sb (of sth) 유죄를 선고하다, 유죄 판결을 내리다

they will have to be convicted by a 12-person jury.”

31
Q

prosecutors

A

기소 검사

In a separate case, prosecutors also announced the arrests of 90 people in connection with their use of software called Blackshades, which allows hackers to remotely control a computer.

32
Q

perpetrate

A

(범행・과실・악행을) 저지르다[자행하다]

Mr. Comey said that the cases showed that the federal government would pursue cybercrimes, regardless of whether they were perpetrated by groups or nations.

33
Q

retaliate

A

보복하다, 앙갚음하다

James A. Lewis, a cybersecurity expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said that “China will be tempted to retaliate” for Monday’s actions.

34
Q

countercharges

A

역기소, 반격, 역습; 보복; 반론; [법] 반소(反訴)

the Chinese could punish United States firms operating in China or seek countercharges against American officials based on the Snowden leaks

35
Q

significant

A
  1. (은밀하게) 의미심장한
  2. (영향을 주거나 두드러질 정도로) 중요한[의미 있는/커다란]

It was significant that the indictment dealt almost exclusively with Unit 61398 — also known as Comment Crew — but did not detail the case against another roughly 20 Chinese hacking groups, some associated with the military, that the United States regularly tracks.

36
Q

in reserve

A

비축되어 있는[예비로 마련해 둔]

That suggested that the Obama administration may be holding other cases in reserve as leverage in case the Chinese retaliate.

37
Q

leverage

A
  1. (격식) 영향력
  2. (전문 용어) 지렛대 사용; 지렛대의 힘
  3. (금융) 레버리지(돈을빌려서 지불)
38
Q

revelations about

A
  1. 폭로(된 사실)
  2. 비밀 폯로
  3. (신의)계시

The indictment also did not touch on Chinese attacks aimed at the Defense Department or major defense contractors, perhaps because the administration did not want to invite Chinese revelations about American attacks on similar targets in Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong.

39
Q

step forward

A

도움[정보]을 제의[제공]하고 나서다

Security officials say Monday’s indictment has been in the works for two years. A major challenge, officials say, was convincing the targeted corporations to step forward.

40
Q

entity, entities

A

독립체

“They need to get these P.L.A. entities under control.”

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