D1 - Laboratory

Question 1

embark on

Answer 1

~에 착수하다

For decades, scientists have embarked on the long journey toward a medical breakthrough by first experimenting on laboratory animals.

Question 2

confound

Answer 2

~가 틀렸음을 입증하다. 어리둥절하게 하다.

esearchers avoided using female animals for fear that their reproductive cycles and hormone fluctuations would confound the results of delicately calibrated experiments.

Question 3

calibrated

Answer 3

(계기 등에) 눈금을 매기다, 조정하다.

Question 4

statins

Answer 4

스타틴 (콜레스테롤 저하제)

Question 5

routine gender bias

Answer 5

성적으로 편향된 관행, 방식

Now the National Institutes of Health says that this routine gender bias in basic research must end.

Question 6

commentary

Answer 6

해설, 실황방송, 비판;흔적;논의

In a commentary published on Wednesday in the journal Nature,

Question 7

acknowledgment

Answer 7

명사
승인, 시인; 자백, 자인.
감사, 사례, 인사; 감사장, 답례(품); (보통 ~s) (책에 실리는 저자의) 감사의 말.
접수[수령] 통지[증명], 영수증.
(법률) 승인; 승인서; (사생아의) 인지(認知).

The new announcement is an acknowledgment that this gender disparity begins much earlier in the research process.

Question 8

disparity

Answer 8

(특히 한쪽에 불공평한) 차이

Question 9

on/off the radar screen

Answer 9

사람들의 관심을 끄는/끌지 못하는

“For most, this has not been on the radar screen as an important issue.

Question 10

derive

Answer 10

1. (다른 것·근원에서) 끌어내다, 얻다 ((from))
2. …에서 비롯되다, …의 유래를 찾다(trace);[종종 수동형으로] …에 기원을 두다, …에서 나오다 ((from)); 추론[추리]하다; (소설에서) 각색하다 ((from))
3. (화학) 유도하다
4. (수학) 미분에 의해 유도하다

ndeed, women respond differently from men to a broad array of treatments, and often do not derive the same benefits from them as men.

Question 11

ingrained

Answer 11

1. ~ (in sb/sth) 습관・태도 등이 뿌리 깊은, 깊이 몸에 밴
2. 때가 깊이 밴, 찌든

The ideas for new treatments are often generated in the laboratory, where gender bias in basic biomedical research and neuroscience is ingrained.

Question 12

mammalian

Answer 12

포유류의 (동물)

Bias in mammalian test subjects was evident in eight of 10 scientific disciplines in an analysis of published research conducted by Irving Zucker

Question 13

lopsided

Answer 13

한쪽이 처진, 한쪽으로 치우친

. The most lopsided was neuroscience, where single-sex studies of male animals outnumbered those of females by 5.5 to 1.

Question 14

cell cultures

Answer 14

문화, 재배, 양식, 사육, 배양균, 배양 조직, 배양하다

Researchers who work with cell cultures are also being encouraged to study cells derived from females as well as males, and to do separate analyses to tease out differences at the cellular level.

Question 15

tease something out

Answer 15

1. (엉킨 머리카락·양털 등을 빗질하거나 하여) 가지런하게 하다

2. (특히 복잡하거나 얻기 힘든 정보·의미를) 알아내려고 애쓰다

Question 16

ovarian

Answer 16

난소의

Question 17

prostate

Answer 17

전립선의

ovarian cancer or prostate cancer

Question 18

susceptible to

Answer 18

~민감한, 걸리기 쉬운

researchers recently discovered that neurons cultured from males are more susceptible to death from starvation than those from females