D1a1 Classical conditioning and phobias

Question 1

Classical conditioning

Answer 1

a learning process which builds up association between two stimuli through repeated pairings

Question 2

Association

Answer 2

the link between the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus that makes the neutral stimulus cause the same response

Question 3

Generalisation

Answer 3

when a conditioned response is produce to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus

Question 4

Phobia

Answer 4

an intense fear that prevents ‘normal living’ in some way

Question 5

Extinction

Answer 5

the loss of a classically conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeated many times without the unconditioned stimulus

Question 6

Pavlov’s experiment process

Answer 6

1) he rang a bell, the dog didn’t salivate
2) he rang the bell and gave the dog food
3) step 2 repeated many times- the “conditioning” process
4) rang the bell, the dog salivated without any food

Question 7

Findings of Pavlov’s experiment

Answer 7

The dog learned to associate the bell and the food. It became conditioned to salivate to the bell.

Question 8

Pavlov’s dogs: the stimuli and responses

Answer 8

NS- the bell
UCS- the food
UCR- salivation to food
After association process/ conditioning
CS- the bell
CR- salivation

Question 9

In classical conditioning, why does learning happen?

Answer 9

An association is formed between the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus after many trials. During this, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus which can cause a conditioned response

Question 10

One-trial learning

Answer 10

When a person learns a fear/ phobia from a single event