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Biology HL > D1.2 Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

D1.2 Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of RNA

A
  1. mRNA - messenger
  2. rRNA - ribosomal
  3. tRNA - transfer
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2
Q

What is transcription?

A

Product of mRNA, first set of instructions to build any protein it might need

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3
Q

Stages of transcription

A
  1. Initiation stage
  2. Elongation stage
  3. Termination stage
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4
Q

What is the sense strand?

A

5’ to 3’ (coding strand)

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5
Q

What is the anti sense strand?

A

3’ to 5’ (template strand)

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6
Q

What is a triplet?

A

A group of 3 bases on DNA

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7
Q

What is a codon?

A

A group of 3 bases on mRNA

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8
Q

What is the start codon?

A

AUG

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9
Q

What is the anti codon?

A

UAC

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10
Q

What is gene mutation?

A

When a mistake is made synthesizing DNA or RNA

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11
Q

What is a point mutation?

A

Involves the deletion, addition or replacement of a single nucleotide

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12
Q

Give an example of point mutation and some symptoms

A

Sickle cell anemia- weakness, extreme pain, heart attack

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13
Q

How is transcription controlled?

A

Limiting amount of mRNA

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14
Q

What is a promoter region?

A

RNA polymerase cannot bind to any part of a gene and start transcribing, so only happens here

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15
Q

What is a transcription factor?

A

Bind to the promoter regions, which allows RNA polymerase to bind

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16
Q

Difference between coding and non coding sequences

A

Coding- contain instructions for making proteins
Non-coding- do not directly code for proteins

17
Q

What is a 5’ cap?

A

A special modification added to the 5’ end of a newly transcribed RNA molecule during transcription

18
Q

What is a poly-A-tail?

A

Protects mRNA molecule from degradation

19
Q

Difference between exons and introns

A

Exons- protein coding regions
Introns- non protein coding regions

20
Q

What is splicing?

A

Involves removing the introns and joining the exons

21
Q

What does alternative splicing do?

A

Results in different versions of proteins which will function differently

22
Q

What binds on the P site?

A

Initiator tRNA

23
Q

What binds on the A site?

A

Incoming tRNA

24
Q

What binds on the E site?

A

tRNA after transferring its amino acid to the growing chain and exits the ribosome

25
Q

What is the function of proteasome in the recycling of amino acids?

A
  • Allows cells to maintain a supply of amino acids
  • maintain correct concentration + get rid of any non functional

Biology HL (10 decks)

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