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Biology HL > B1.1 Carbohydrates And Lipids > Flashcards

B1.1 Carbohydrates And Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A chemical bond between two atoms formed by sharing electrons

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2
Q

By what process are macromolecules produced?

A

Condensation reaction

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3
Q

What is a glycosidic bond?

A

The resulting covalent bond that links glucose molecules together

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4
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

When 2 glucose molecules join together

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5
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

When more than 2 glucose molecules join together

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6
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

The process of breaking down macromolecules into monomers

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7
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

A molecule that serves as a source of energy for cells and are involved in many cellular processes

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8
Q

What are the properties of glucose?

A
  • soluble
  • stable
  • can be oxidized
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9
Q

What is the role of polysaccharides?

A
  • energy storage components
  • structural components
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10
Q

What is the role of glycoproteins?

A
  • Cell-cell recognition
  • receptors
  • ligands
  • structural support
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11
Q

What are the 2 types of polysaccharides?

A
  1. Starch (plants)
  2. Glycogen (animals)
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12
Q

What are lipids?

A

Hydrophobic substances in living organisms that dissolve in non-polar solvents

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13
Q

What is cellulose?

A

A type of polysaccharide that is a major structural component of plant cell walls

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14
Q

What is a triglyceride made up of?

A
  • 3 fatty acids
  • 1 glycerol
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15
Q

Compatibility of blood type depends on…

A

Recognition and interaction of specific glycoproteins on the surface of red blood cells

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16
Q

What happens when incompatible blood types mix?

A

Immune system recognize other glycoproteins as foreign molecules and attack

17
Q

A bond between glycerol and fatty acid is called an…

A

Ester bond

18
Q

What is the difference between monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats?

A

Mono- 1 or more double bond, kink and bend in chain
Poly- 2 or more double bond, multiple kink or bend

19
Q

List some characteristics of saturated fatty acids

A
  • straight, linear shape
  • higher melting points
20
Q

What is the difference between Cis and trans unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Cis- natural, double bond located on the same side as the molecule
Trans- not natural, double bond located on opposite of the molecule

21
Q

What does ‘Amphipathic’ mean?

A

Contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

22
Q

What happens when a phospholipid bilayer is placed in an aqueous environment?

A

Hydrophilic head- face solution
Hydrophobic tail- orient themselves towards each other

23
Q

What is the basic structure of a steroid?

A

4 carbon based rings

Biology HL (10 decks)

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