A1.2 Nucleic Acids

Question 1

What is in a nucleotide?

Answer 1

• phosphate group
• nitrogenous base
• Pentose sugar

Question 2

What are the 5 nitrogenous bases?

Answer 2

1. Guanine
2. Adenine
3. Cytosine
4. Thymine
5. Uracil

Question 3

What do nucleotide units link together through?

Answer 3

A covalent bond to form a single strand of DNA & RNA

Question 4

The DNA strands are linked together by…

Answer 4

Complementary base pairing

Question 5

Adenine binds with…

Answer 5

Thymine

Question 6

Guanine binds with…

Answer 6

Cytosine

Question 7

What is the role of complementary base pairing?

Answer 7

Maintain the base sequence during copying

Question 8

Where are nucleosomes found?

Answer 8

Eukaryotic cells

Question 9

What did the ‘Hershey-chase’ experiment prove?

Answer 9

That it was DNA that made up genetic material and not proteins

Question 10

How was the ‘Hershey-chase experiment’ carried out?

Answer 10

• T2 bacteriophage
• radioactive phosphorus (DNA) and sulfur (protein) was used to label DNA and protein

Question 11

What did ‘Chargaff’s data’ prove?

Answer 11

Amount of Adenine = amount of thymine
Amount of cytosine = amount of guanine

Question 12

What is replication?

Answer 12

Copying of DNA to create a new DNA molecule

Question 13

What is transcription?

Answer 13

Process in which the DNA is used as a template to produce RNA

Question 14

What is translation?

Answer 14

Process in which the transcribed RNA is translated by ribosomes to create proteins

Question 15

What is translation?

Answer 15

Process in which the transcribed RNA is translated by ribosomes to create proteins