D1 Professional Information

Question 1

ACVREP

Answer 1

Academy for Certification of Vision Rehabilitation and Education Professionals
Independent / autonomous certification body
Keep informed state/federal laws
Training
Code of ethics / standards

Question 2

AER

Answer 2

Membership Organisation
Association for Education and Rehabilitation of Blind and Visually Impaired
Lobbying… helped pass laws that advocated for O&M services
Advocacy / Position Papers
Keep informed state/federal laws
Training
1996 initially established certification and standardisation for profession (previously did certification before ACVREP)
Recruitment
Surveys

Question 3

AFB

Answer 3

American Foundation for Blind
Networking
Keep informed state/federal laws
Training
Advocacy
Publishing JVIB
Research
Over 100 years old - involved in development of braille code, schools (Perkins School, publications)
Robert Irwin was the first director

Question 4

CEC

Answer 4

Council for Exceptional Children
Keep informed state/federal laws
Training
From 1922
All disabilities and gifted / talented.

Question 5

IMC

Answer 5

International mobility conference Keep informed state/federal laws
Training
international exchange of ideas.
International mobility conference 

Question 6

JVIB

Answer 6

Research publication peer reviewed
Journal of Vision Impairment and Blindness

Question 7

NFB

Answer 7

National Federation for the blind
Advocacy and Education for sighted public
Like CBS??

Question 8

ACB

Answer 8

American Council of the Blind
Advocacy
Support BVI

Question 9

VA

Answer 9

Veteran Administration
AMD’s
New cane tech
Federal Agency

Question 10

Dept.Ed

Answer 10

Program, Lesson & Curricular ideas
Standardised Assessment
Rules for giving services??

Question 11

BVI Special School

Answer 11

Program, Lesson & Curricular ideas (e.g. Texas 2 Step??)

Question 12

Code of Ethics general

Answer 12

Hallmark of profession…acceptable practice / standing

Developed by reviewing other CC & talk to practitioners

Expectations for clients

Question 13

Student / Learner code of conduct

Answer 13

Give value, worth, dignity
Keep safe
Be Informed, share relevant info, seek advice
Include family, supports
Recommend to continue/discontinue

Question 14

Community code of conduct

Answer 14

Accommodations for full participation
No discrimination, harassment

Question 15

Professional code of conduct or ethics

Answer 15

Research permissions, credit
Unbiased by commercial interest
Report suspected negligence, unethical behaviour
Not misrepresent credentials
No gifts

Question 16

Colleagues code of conduct

Answer 16

Interdisciplinary team
No provide service where another O&M giving service
Stick to your wheelhouse

Question 17

Employment Practices code of conduct

Answer 17

Honest - report, fees, charges
No conflict interest
No gifts / payment in schools etc.

Question 18

Professional Proficiencies

Answer 18

Rapport, sensitivity, professionalism, physical position
Assessment … hearing, vision
Develop age appropriate programs / lessons
Consulting
Goal plan and eval
Concise notes
Safety
Whole bunch related to discrete O&M teaching skills

Question 19

Profession O&M

Answer 19

Developed around body of specialised knowledge
Practised by people educated in application
Association to share ideas
Minimum standards, certification

Question 20

Valley Forge Army Hospital

Answer 20

Richard Hoover’s program
Created ‘foot travel’ program and standardised system of travel instruction

Question 21

Avon Program

Answer 21

Social adjustment to blindness
Detect obstacles through sensation
President Roosevelt liked it
Dismissed Hoover’s for travel
Military 18 weeks then discharge to VA

Facial Vision (obstacle perception via sound waves, very variable and no warning of objects below knees) … led to validation of Hoover’s methods.

Question 22

Hines VA Hospital

Answer 22

Combined social and travel training, further development of standardised system
First 6 O&M’s from PE, kinesiology, PT background
1947 civilian hospital
Russell William’s chief of program
Trained visitors but unable to replicate results
Rev Thomas Caroll pushing for formal training through Gloucester Conference

Question 23

Gloucester Conference

Answer 23

1953 Father Carroll wanted form association / promote as legitimate service
Doctors, psychologist, specialist discuss need for proper training
Pushed for O&M profession with 1 year grad study minimum

Question 24

COMSTAC Report

Answer 24

Commission on Standards and Accreditation

Developed process for certifying O&M professionals

1961 AFB launched study for method, scope, structure of accreditation program and 1966 report done??

Question 25

Richard Hoover

Answer 25

Teacher math and PE,
Assisted treatment of blinded soldier at Valley Forge Army Hospital
Studied to become ophthalmologist
Foot travel program

Question 26

Dorothy Eustis

Answer 26

Mother of dog guide movement
Established Seeing Eye in 1929, 43 years, divorcee

Question 27

Russell William

Answer 27

Teacher blinded at Normandy in WWII
Chief of program at Hines
Learned to use sense at Avon and cane at Valley Forge and united both approaches and developed lots of things like human guide, sound clues, protective techniques, project line of travel, constant contact, short cane, drop off lessons, search patterns,
Counselled new blinded patients

Question 28

Francis Campbell

Answer 28

1860 directed teaching mobility as blind teacher at Perkins School
Experimented with long cane
Founded Royal Normal College and Academy of Music for Blind in Britain
Went to uni, taught others, knighted, abolitionist, human rights advocate… when someone told him or others who were blind that he or they couldn’t do something, he proved them wrong.

Question 29

Father Thomas Carroll

Answer 29

Blind priest against pitying the blind
Chaplain at Avon and Forge Valley Army Hospital and Hines maybe??
Tried to establish O&M group or association
Convinced Irwin and Vail to travel to different blind centres and look at them
Established Gloucester conference 1953
Wrote “Blindness: what it is, what it does’
Active in civil rights movement in 1960’s

Question 30

Mary Switzer

Answer 30

Got federal grants for O&M training at Boston College 1960 & Western Michigan University (WMU) 1962.
1954, Director of Office of Vocational Rehabilitation.

Question 31

Robert Irwin

Answer 31

Blind at 5 years old
First director of American Foundation of the Blind
Champion of public school education for the blind (mistrustful of any program which might evolve into a home or asylum, “charitable tyranny)

Question 32

Helen Keller

Answer 32

1880-1968
Lifelong teacher and companion Anne Sullivan
First deafblind person to get BArts through Harvard
Wrote books, essays, world peace, women’s suffrage, labor rights

Question 33

O&M history overview

Answer 33

1860 Franicis Campbell experiments with foot travel at Perkins
1918-1925 - dog guide trained for blinded WWI vets
1929 - first dog school in US
1944 Facial VIsion, perception of obstacles
1944 Hoover et al develop long can mobility techniques at Valley Forge Army Hospital
1945 Surgeon General dispatch Warren Bledsoe (orientator) from Valley Forge Army Hospital to teach cane method at lots of places.
1947 VA Hines opens and first 6 O&M trained
1953 Glouscester Conference to define mobility instructor role and training
1954 Mary Switzer director of office of Vocational Rehabilitation and gets grant for prep O&M’s
1959 National Conference funded by American Foundation for the Blind to establish criteria for selection of O&M, curriculum, training length etc.
1960 Boston College first O&M program
1961 Commission on Standards and Accreditation of Services for the Blind
2000 ACVREP establish as private, independent, autonomous legal certification