D: Vascular 4 Stroke/TIA/Cerebrovascular - Week 8 Flashcards
Define stroke
sudden, focal interruption of cerebral blood flow that causes neurologic deficit
What percentage of strokes are ischaemic? And what do these types of strokes typically result from?
80%. Typically result from thrombosis or embolus
What percentage of strokes are haemorrhagic? What do these types of strokes result from?
20%. Resulting from vascular rupture (e.g. subarachnoid or intra-cerebral haem)
What proportion of stroke/CVA patients recover, die, or have a residual handicap?
1/3rd for each
Define Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA)
stroke symptoms typically lasting less than 1 hour (must be less than 24 hours) and often leaves no or minimal damage
List 8 symptoms of stroke. Do they occur suddenly?
Numbness
Parasthesia (tingling)
Weakness
Contralateral limb/face paralysis
Aphasia (speech problems)
Confusion
Visual disturbances (one or both eyes) incl dizzy
Headache
Yeah, they do
What symptoms does an anterior circulation stroke typically produce?
unilateral symptoms
What symptoms does a posterior circulation stroke typically produce?
unilateral or bilateral deficits (and more likely to affect consciousness, compared to anterior)
What 3 features of a stroke are the resultant visual signs and symptoms dependent on?
Location/blood vessels affected
Type of stroke
Effect on cranial nerves
List 8 predisposing risk factors for stroke
Age
Atherosclerosis
Uncontrolled hypertension
Diabetes
Smoking
High HDL/LDL levels
Sedentary life style
Blood viscosity disorders
(also note: migraine and carotid artery stenosis)
What percentage of stroke patients are over 50 years old?
92%
What percentage of strokes are caused by internal carotid artery occlusion?
20%
What 4 prodromes may often occur preceding a stroke caused by internal carotid artery occlusion?
TIA
Amaurosis (partial/total blindness)
Speech
Tingling/sensations
What percentage of patients with internal carotid artery are asymptomatic at autopsy?
6.5%
What types of temporary neurological dysfunctions can occur with TIAs?
somatosensory
motor
vision (amaurosis fugax = painless temporary loss of vision in one or both eyes)