D&E Chapter 14

Question 1

Feminism

Answer 1

a social & intellectual movement that aims to ensure equal rights between men and women

Question 2

Critical race theory

Answer 2

a movement in social, political, and legal theory that aims to discern the subtle effects of racism and other forms of prejudice

Question 3

Race

Answer 3

the idea that human beings are divided into groups, often thought of (erroneously) as biological categories

Question 4

Ethnicity

Answer 4

the quality that one has by identifying with or being ascribed to an ethnic group

Question 5

Gender

Answer 5

culturally constructed roles or identities one has by virtue of being ascribed to the status of male or female, to be distinguished by biological sex

Question 6

Sex vs. Gender

Answer 6

Sex: biological
Gender: cultural

Question 7

Transgender

Answer 7

an identity in which one’s gender does not conform to the conventional matching with biological sex

Question 8

Social Constructionalism (definiton & strong vs. weak)

Answer 8

biological sex dose not determine gender
Strong: there is no biological component to gender
Weak: there is some biological component to gender

Question 9

Biological determinism

Answer 9

gender is just a reflection of sex

Question 10

Heteronormativity

Answer 10

the concept that heterosexuality is normal or preferred

Question 11

Racialization

Answer 11

the historical process in which social relations become interpreted in terms of racial categories

Question 12

Racial formation

Answer 12

Omi & Winant’s concept that described the process through which ideas of race are constructed and developed over time

Question 13

Goals of modern studies of race (3)

Answer 13

1: understand how people think about race
2: understand how ideas of race are constructed by different groups
3: understand how whole interests are served

Question 14

Ethnic group

Answer 14

a group that identifies as having strong cultural commonality and a shared sense of long-run history

Question 15

Ethnicity vs. national identity

Answer 15

ethnicity is a broader term and it is not bound to a state like national identity

Question 16

Determinants of discrimination

Answer 16

levels of immigration, culture, and principle actors

Question 17

Empowerment

Answer 17

an increase in the social, political, or economic capabilities; the opposite of discrimination

Question 18

Three types of empowerment

Answer 18

economic, cultural, and political

Question 19

Three reasons influencing the formation of ethnic political parties

Answer 19

1: society’s culture of ethnic affiliation
2: nature of political competition
3: historical and structural relations with ethnic groups

Question 20

Reserved seat vs. Candidate quota system

Answer 20

reserved seat is when there are a certain number of representative seats that are automatically saved for a specific group
candiate quota is when there must be a certain amount of diverse candidates