D&E Chapter 13

Question 1

Identity

Answer 1

the social label ascribed to an individual or group that locates the individual or group in political society more broadly

Question 2

Social Identity Theory

Answer 2

personal identities are linked to/derived from group identities

Question 3

National Identity

Answer 3

an identity that locates one’s social position in relation to national membership

Question 4

Nationalism

Answer 4

the view that the world is and should be divided into nations that are thought of by nationalists as sovereign and egalitarian

Question 5

Primordialist Approach

Answer 5

national identity is continuous with pre-historical forms of identity; supported by social psychologist/biologist theories that national identity is biologically rooted

Question 6

Perennialist Approach

Answer 6

national identity is neither modern nor continuous with prehistorical roots; least common

Question 7

Modernist Approach

Answer 7

national identity is exclusively modern; nationalism first emerged in 17th/18th century Europe; split into Structuralist and Constructivist approaches

Question 8

Structuralism

Answer 8

an approach to nationalism studies that sees big, difficult-to-change parts of society as determining what really matters about national identity

Question 9

Constructivism

Answer 9

in nationalism studies, the view that nations are symbolic constructs and so place greater emphasis on the creative efforts of individuals and groups to define and redefine their identities

Question 10

Western Nationalism

Answer 10

Civil nationalism

Question 11

Eastern Nationalism

Answer 11

Ethnic nationalism

Question 12

Civic Nationalism

Answer 12

a form of nationalism that says you are a member of the nation if you are a citizen of the state

Question 13

Ethnic Nationalism

Answer 13

a form of nationalism that says you are a member of the nation because of your ancestry

Question 14

Collectivistic Nationalism vs. Individualistic Nationalism

Answer 14

Collective –> Ethnic
Individualistic –> Ethnic or Civic
Collectivistic nationalism increases the likelihood of authoritarianism

Question 15

Instrumentalistm

Answer 15

You can explain something by showing how its development or persistence is in (usually material) interest of powerful individuals or groups

Question 16

5 Steps to determining ethno-national conflict

Answer 16

1: Identify the major groups involved
2: Analyze their relative size and abilities
3: Consider their relation to the state
4: Take into account how they frame their identities and other groups’ identities
5: Understand the historical context of their relationships

Question 17

5 Reasons for Ethno-National Conflict

Answer 17

1: Primordial bonds
2: Cultural boundaries
3: Material interests
4: Rational calculation
5: Social psychology

Question 18

Primordial bonds

Answer 18

conflict occurs when preexisting groups feel that their group/identity is under threat

Question 19

Cultural boundaries

Answer 19

conflict is the result of the distinct ways in which groups and their boundaries are constructed; some ways of drawing boundaries increase chances of violence

Question 20

Material interests

Answer 20

ethno-national identities are just used as instruments for other purposes; certain conditions make it politically expedients for some actors to incite ethno-national conflict

Question 21

Rational Calculation

Answer 21

mathematical analysis of the costs and benefits; this is normally combined with any of the other 4 reasons

Question 22

Social Psychology

Answer 22

focus on common patterns of boundary construction and how social categorization structures our perceptions of others