D Flashcards
Behavior you are interested in observing, measuring and changing
Dependent variable
variable you are going to change or manipulate in your study
independent variable
What are the 4 categories of independent variables
Antecedent Stimulus Variables (proactive, priming, self monitoring)
Cosnequent stimulus variable
Environmental design variables (lighting, repositioning)
Biological variable (medication nutrition)
The acceptability of an intervention procedures
social validity
Extent the experiment is free from errors and difference in measurement is due to the independent variable
internal validity
extent to which the research results can be inferred to the world - generalization
external validity
IV threats
External or extraneous events
History
IV threats
Internal factors, Natural or within subject. growing older, hunger, tired
Maturation
IV threats
Effects on subsequent tests improvement on scores (pre-test or post test)
Testing
IV threats
improvement or decline because of measurement devices, calibration or reliability
Instrumentation
IV threats
groups put together based on extreme scores, not the whole picture
statistical regression
IV threats
Non-randomized, observer bias, selection bias
Biases
IV Threats
Attrition- loss of respondents from comparison group
experimental morality
IV threats
selection of coparison groups
interpretation that treatment causes effect
Selection
EV Threats
pretest might effect the results
know what to expect
hawthorne effect
Reactive effect of testing
EV Threats
selection base on intervention not randomized
selection biases on treatment variable
EV threats
difficult to generalize not in experimental environment
clinic generalized to home without teaching
Reactive effect of experimental arrangements
EV threats
Multiple treatments applied at the same time
Multiple treatment interferences
Baseline data of the dependent variable would have remained consistent if the independent variable had not been manipulated
verification
in single-subject designs each paricipant’s target behavior or dependent variable is measured in EVERY condition of the study this results in _____
repeated measures
The effect of each condition is compared to the participants own data
Control
Demonstrating similar results in an additional phase when repeating the manipulation of the independent variable
Replication
demonstrating that baseline data of the dependent variable would have remained consistent if the independent variable had not been manipulated
verification
Advantages of Single-Subject experimental design
better represents individual participants
reveals individual variability
replication of findings in individual participants
A design where participants are randomly assigned to two or more groups with at least one treatment group and one control group
Group design
What study design does the researcher implement one phase, introduces the second phase, and then reintroduces the first phase
Reversal Design
What research design measures the effectiveness of two different IV on a dependent variable by alternating each of the treatment conditions
Multielement design or Alternating Treatment Design
what design is the introduction of the intervention staggered across time (behaviors, settings, or subjects)
Multiple Baseline
treatment is delivered in a series of ascending or descending phases. The criterion that the subject is expected to meet is changed for each phase
eg Reducing smoking
changing criterion
what analysis is graphical that displays the relationship between IV and DV
Visual Analysis
what analysis analyzes two different types of treatment
comparative analysis
what analysis analyzes pieces of a treatment package to determine which piece is influencing the DV
Component Analysis
Which analysis evaluates the effects of the different dosages of a treatment on the DV
Parametric analysis
Don wants to implement a treatment to help his client learn how to brush his hair independently. He decides to use a chaining procedure. What is the independent variable
Chaining
A BA has 4 clients who engage in tantrums to escape non-preferred instructions. What design should the BA use to develop a treatment package for all the clients
Multiple baseline across subject design
What is the best experiment to use to decrease self injurious behaviors
Alternating design with initial baseline
What type of multiple baseline design should be used if using a total task chaining procedure
multiple probe design
George wants to increase his client’s tacting behavior. He implements a lesson to teach his client to label items and provides praise when he tacts appropriately. What are the independent and dependent variables
independent-lesson and praise
dependent-tacting behavior
A client was taught to comply with instructions in the home setting and this skill was generalized in the school setting without additional teaching. What kind of validity is this an example of
external validity
Miley is trying to lose weight and has set a goal of 3 lbs every 2 weeks until he hits his goal. What experimental design should she use
Changing Criterion design
