C Flashcards
What four things does an operational definition need to be
Objective, Measurable, Observable, and Clear
Within an operational definition a behavior analysist should provide hypothetical _____ and _____
examples and non examples of what the behavior does and doesn’t look like
What type of measurement involves measuring the behavior itself. (observer must be physically present) Eg: frequency nd duration
Direct Measurement
What type of measurement involves measuring a behavior that differs from the target behavior itself
Indirect Measurement
What type of measurement measures behavior based on the effects on the environment
Product Measurement
What type of measurement involves measure the effect a behavior has on its environment after the behavior has happened.
Permanent Product
Behavioral interviews and Behavior rating scales are types of ____
indirect measures
measure of behavior that combines the count of a behavior with a temporal dimension of a behavior eg: 4 times in an hour
Frequency
measure of behavior is the average of how many times in a given time period that behavior occurs
eg: 2 worksheets the first hour, 3 worksheets the 2nd hour. Rate is 2.5/hour
Rate
a measure of the number of correct responses divided by the number of opportunities to respond
Percentage
A tally of how many times a behavior occurred without respect to time
Count
The measure of how long the behavior occurs (per session or per occurrence)
Duration
The measure of the time between the presentation of a stimulus and the occurrence of the behavior
Latency
Setting a timer for 10 minutes and recording whether the student was in his seat when the interval ended
Time Sampling
Setting a timer for 5 minutes and recording whether the student left his seat at any time during the interval
Partial Interval Recording
Setting a timer for 2 minutes and recording whether the student remained in his seat the entire 2 minutes
Whole interval recording
Pro’s for what method:
high rates of behavior that have a distinct beginning and end and tells how long a behavior occurs
Duration
Pro’s for what method:
Greater accuracy than frequency, tracks how often in specified period
Rate
Pro’s for what method:
Tells you how many times a behavior occurs, simpler to collect
Frequency
Pro’s for what method:
Easier to collect high rate behavior and beneficial if you’re trying to decrease behavior, can stop observing during an interval if behavior occurs once
Partial interval recoring
Pro’s for what method:
Beneficial if you’re trying to increase a behavior
Whole interval recording
Pro’s for what method:
only have to observe at the end of the interval, great for a caregiver who has other children or tasks to attend to
low frequency behaviors
momentary time sampling
Cons for what method:
doesn’t provide information about how many times the behavior occurs, time consuming and difficult if you are unable to continuously observe the client
Duration
Cons for what method:
More response effort, have to track the duration of the observation, can be time consuming and difficult if you are unable to continuously observe the client
Rate
Cons for what method:
does not take into account both observation time and frequency, can be time consuming and difficult if you are unable to continuously observe the client
Frequency
Cons for what method:
May inflate the occurrence of behavior due to the fact that the behavior only has to occur once during the interval, can be difficult if the caregiver has other children or tasks to attend to
Partial interval recording and whole interval recording
Cons for what method:
May miss some instances of behavior, data may be inaccurate
Momentary time sampling
Specific instance of behavior within respect to other points of interest
Temporal Locus
The amount of time that elapses between two consecutive instances of a response class
eg: he starts his math sheet no problem but takes a long time between problems
Interresponse Time
Measure of the total number of response opportunities need to achieve a predetermined level of performance
Trial to Criterion
The measure of the acceleration or deceleration of response rates across time
Celleration
Count/Freqency, Rate, Clleration are:
Repeatability
Latency and Interresponse time are:
Temporal Locus
Duration is
Temporal Extent
Percent of occurrence and trials to criterion are:
Derivative measures
Manitude and topography are:
definitional measures
whole interval, partial interval, momentary time sampling, placheck are:
time sampling
Intensity of the behavior
Magnitude
The way a behavior looks
Topography
Achievement of the specified performance goal - proficiency
Mastery
Is the behavior occurring at the end of the predetermined interval for a GROUP of students
PLACHECK (planned activity check)
What 3 things must observers have for inter-observer reliability
Use the same measurement system
measure the same events
must be independent
IOR for data obtained by event recording
Total count IOR
Mean count-per interval IOR
Exact cot-per-interval IOR
Trial by trial IOR
IOR for Data obtained by Interval Recording/Time Sampling
Interval-by Interval IOR
Scored Interval IOR
Unscored interval IOR
IOR for data obtained by timing
Total Duration IOR
Mean duration-per-occurrence IOR
Use when an occurrence is seen by either observer
Scored interval IOR
At least one observer did not see the behavior
unscored Interval IOR
number of trials in agreement
trial by trial
number of intervals at 100%
exact count per interval
the extent to which the observed value of a variable corresponds to the true value of that variable
accuracy
the extent to which a measurement is consistnt/repeatable
Reliability
the extent to which a study measured the variable(s) it intended to measure
validity
what measurement involves measuring every instance of the target behavior
Continuous measurement
what measurement measures some but not all instances of the target behavior
Discontinuous measurement
what measurement measures the number of times a behavior occurs and can also include discrete trial behaviors
Event Recording
What are the pro’s of continuous measurement
captures every instance of a behavior of interest
What are the pro’s of discontinuous measurement
measure behavior of multiple individuals at once
what are the cons of discontinuous measurement
may overestimate or underestimate behaviors of interest, may threaten the validity of a study
what are the pro’s of event recording
easy to do, useful for behaviors with easily identified beginnings and endings
what are the cons of event recording
difficult to use with behaviors that occur at high rates or continuous behaviors (eg on task)
What type of graph has evenly spaced segments on the vertical axis and each segment is the same numerical distance from the one above and below it
Equal-Interval Graph
What type of graph uses rectangular bars rather than individual points to represent the data
Bar Graph
What type of graph where new instances of a behavior or response are added in addition to all previous instances of the behavior or response
Cumulative Record
The point on the y-axis where the the behavioral measure converge
Level
the ____ of a graph demonstrates the direction in which the data path is going. It can be increasing, decreasing or zero
Trend
The degree of difference among repeated measures of a particular behavior or response (stable or changing a lot)
Variability
A change in the phase (condition) of the study. This is important in helping to determine whether an IV had a significant effect on the DV
Phase Change line
The connection of all the successive data points within a particular phase
Data Path
vertical axis (usually occurrence of behavior)
Y-Axis
Horizontal axis (usually sessions, days, time)
X-Axis
Mr. Mason wants to collect data on her students to see how the class is performing overall. What time sampling procedure would you recommend?
PLACHECK
Stephanie coughed 18 times during a 3 hour session, what is the rate at which Stephanie coughed
6 time per hour
George takes forever to put his shoes on when asked to wear his shoes. What type of measurement procedure should you consider using
Response latency
Joanna wants to collect data on humming to determine a baseline rate. What type of data collection would be most appropriate
Rate
A teacher wants to collect data on 1 student in relation to the class but has limited time and resources. what data collection should she use
Whole interval recording
What IOR is most stringent in calculating event recording data
Exact count-per-interval IOR
In hopes to reduce the amount of time it takes for the client to take out the trash after being asked. What dimension of behavior should she measure to target the behavioral goal
Latency
A teacher wants to measure her students ability to follow directions independently. What method of data collection should she use to measure accuracy
Permanent product recording
