B Flashcards
An organisms interaction with its environment that results in a measurable change in the environment
Behavior
A specific instance of behavior
Response
Physical shape or form of behavior
Response topography
A group of responses with the same function (do things differently to get the same result)
Response class
All behaviors a person can do relevant to specific settings or tasks
Repertoire
An object or event that elicits a response
Stimulus
A group of stimuli that share common elements
Stimulus class
What dimensions can a stimulus class share
Formal dimensions, temporal locus, behavioral function - delayed effects/immediate effects
Environmental condition or stimulus change that exist or occur prior to the behavior
Antecedent
A stimulus change that follows a behavior
Consequence
Another person presents an antecedent stimulus and/or consequence for the behavior
Socially-mediated
An environmental variable that strengthens or weakens the value of a consequence as a reinforcer
Motivating operation (MO)
A MO that increases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event
Establishing Operation (EO)
A MO that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event
Abolishing Operation (AO)
An increase in the future frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event
Evocative effect
A decrease in the future frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object, or event
Ablative Effect
EO’s and AO’s are what kind of effect
Value altering effects
Evocative and Abative effects are what type of effect
Behavior altering effect
Behavior altering effects can be
Direct or indirect
What effect is a change in the pairing of a stimulus and response (asking for a break instead of a tantrum for a break) due to intervention
Function altering effects
A MO controls behavior because of its relation to the _____ of a reinforcer for that behavior
(An edible- hungry yes, just ate no)
Differential effectiveness
An SD controls behavior because it’s presence has been correlated with its ____ of an effective reinforcer in the past (smell of fast food only in one place )
Differential availability
A MO whose value altering effect depends on a learning history (learned to need)
Conditioned MO (cmo)
A previous neutral stimulus that acquired its MO by being paired with a UMO
CMO-s (surrogate)
Mom puts a tired toddler to sleep. She always reads her a book about dinosaurs. One day she forgets to read the book and the toddler refuses to sleep. She quickly gets the book and puts the toddler to sleep.
The dinosaur book is a ____
CMO-s
A stimulus that acquires MO effectiveness by preceding some form of worsening or improving. (Avoid or a positive)
CMO-R (reflexive)
You work with an aversive co-worker. The co-worker is constantly nagging, when you hear her voice you avoid her at all cost
CMO-R
When an environmental variable establishes or abolished the effectiveness of another event as a reinforcer or punisher
CMO-T
Someone puts a lock on the fridge. The key is a ____ when food is a reinforcer
CMO-t
What type of conditioning learning is produced by stimulus-stimulus pairing
Respondent conditioning
What kind of conditioning learning is produced by response stimulus pairing
Operant conditioning
Pavlov dog saliva
Stimulus-stimulus pairing ______
Unconditioned stimulus ______
Neutral stimulus ______
Conditioned stimulus _______
Conditioned reflex ______
Metronome (NS) and sight of food (US)
Food
Sound of metronome
Sound of metronome
Salvation at the sound of the metronome
When the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus
Respondent extinction
Stimulus change that increases the future frequency of behavior that immediately proceeds it
Reinforcer
Stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of behavior that immediately proceeds it
Punisher
Something is added to encourage behavior
Positive reinforcement
Something is removed to encourage behavior (frequency of a behavior increases because in the past stimuli was stopped)
Negative reinforcement
_______ increases the frequency of desirable behavior
_______ decreases the frequency of undesirable behavior
Reinforcement
Punishment
Something is added to discourage behavior
Positive punishment
Something is removed to discourage behavior
Negative punishmrnt
A person receives a speeding ticket for driving too fast
Positive punishment
Praise, certificate, trophy are forms of
Positive reinforcement
Elimination of a headache after taking Motrin
Negative reinforcement
Loosing access to a toy or activity after lying
Negative punishment
_____ is applying a stimulus
_____ is removing a stimulus
Positive
Negative
A stimulus change that can increase the future frequency without prior pairing with any other reinforcer
Satisfy a biological need
Eg food, water, sexual stimulation, sleep
Unconditioned reinforcer
If the UMO is hunger what would a unconditioned reinforcer be
Food
Stimulus change that can decrease the future frequency without prior pairing with any other reinforcer
Unconditioned punisher
UMO is pain what is the unconditioned punisher
Stop doing what is causing pain
Behavior occurs without anyone around. Sensory
Automatic reinforcement
Reinforcement that occurs via another person
Socially mediated reinforcement
A baby cries and receives milk from a parent.
Socially mediated reinforcement
Biting fingernails, spinning
Automatic reinforcement
A conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with many UR and CRs and doesn’t depend on the current EO for effectiveness (social attention)
Generalized conditioned reinforcer
A learned reinforcer less immediately satisfying
Eg money, grades, attention
Conditioned reinforcer
5 classifications of reinforcers
Edible, sensory, tangible, activity, social
What contingency terminated an ongoing stimulus
Eg turn off loud music, wear sunglasses
Escape contingency
What contingency prevents/postponed presentation of a stimulus
Eg not going certain places to avoid someone
Avoidance contingency
What factors can influence the effectiveness of punishment
Immediacy of delivery
Intensity of punishment
Schedule of consistency
Reducing reinforcement for the target behavior
Reinforcing alternate behavior
A rule that describes a contingency of reinforcement
Schedule of reinforcement
Provides reinforcement for each occurrence of behavior
Continuous schedule of reinforcement
Provides reinforcement for some but not all occurrences of behavior
Intermittent schedules of reinforcement
Reinforcement delivered after an unpredicted (average) number of responses
Variable ratio
Reinforcement is delivered after a predicted number of responses
Fixed ratio
Reinforcement is delivered after unpredictable time intervals (approximately)
Variable interval
Reinforcement is delivered after predictable time interval
Fixed interval
What is the order of the schedules from highest to lowest rate of responding
Continuous
VR
FR
VI
FI
A vending machine is an example of what schedule of reinforcement
Continuous reinforcement
Gambling, # sales when selling popcorn door to door is an example of what schedule of reinforcement
Variable ratio
Buy 9 bobas get the 10th free is an example of what schedule of reinforcement
Fixed ratio
Speed trap on the highway is an example of what schedule of reinforcement
Variable interval
Studying for finals, negotiating a raise every 3rd year is an example of what schedule of reinforcement
Fixed interval
What type of reinforcement provides access to a reinforcer enough that they don’t feel the need to exhibit the behavior l.
Delivered on a fixed or variable time schedule
Non contingent reinforcement
What type of schedule has 2 or more contingencies of reinforcement
For allowances you must make your bed 5 times and wash dishes 4 times
Concurrent schedule
What schedules are associated with an sd
Multiple schedules and chained schedules
What schedules are not associated with an sd
Mixed and tandem schedules
What schedule presents 2 or more basic schedules of reinforcement for the same behavior in alternating usually random sequences fi20/fr1 fr10/vr3
Multiple schedule
2 or more basic schedules must be met in a specific sequence before reinforcement is delivered fr10/fr5 fi10/ fi5 week/fi10 week
Chained sequence
Multiple schedule of reinforcement but no sd
Mixed schedule
Chained schedule with no sd
1 work sheet- 1 worksheet- reinforcer
Tandem schedule
Provides reinforcement whenever the requirements of either schedule is met regardless of which requirement is met first
Alternative schedule
Schedule of reinforcement that follows the completion of response requirements for ratio and interval schedules of reinforcement
Conjunctive schedule
presence or absence of a stimulus can control the behavior of a person
Stimulus control
Prominence of a stimulus in the learners environment Depending on the learners capability, history, or environment
Stimulus salience
Academic or social skill that requires the learner to orient themselves appropriate to the sd
Looking at the instructor, listening to instruction
Preattending skills
When a learner focuses on a specific portion of a stimulus instead of the stimulus as a whole
Over selective stimulus control
Competing stimulus blocks the evocative function of a controlling stimulus
Stimulus blocking
When a more salient stimulus blocks the acquisition of stimulus control
Stimulus overshadowing
When a child says daddy when they see their father but not when they see another man
Discrimination
A person learns how to ride their bike when they are a child and still has that skill as an adult
Maintenance
Greeting people in different settings, times, and people
Generalization
When a limited number of stimuli occasion a response
Discrimination
After removing an intervention the response remains in a repertoire over time
Maintenance
A variety of stimuli occasionally a certain response across different individuals environments and times
Generalization
What type of behavior:
Following the law because you could go to jail
Rule-governed behabioe
What type of behavior:
Avoiding a certain teachers class because they were a tough grader last semester
Contingency-shaped behavior
Behavior controlled by statements
Rule governed behavior
Behavior controlled by direct experience
Contingency based behavior
A request
Mand
A label
Tact
Repeating what is said
Exhoic
Conversation
Intraverbal
Following a given instruction
Listener responding
speaker reads words that are presented in writing
Textual
speaker converts spoken or written words into identical written words
Transcription
Copying a text: writing the word cat in response to seeing the written word cat.
Duplic
Taking dictation writing the word cat when hearing someone say “cat.”
Codic
verbal behavior that modifies the functions of other verbal behaviors. For example, “I think it is raining”
Autoclitic
A = B and B = C, A = C
Pug=dog
Pit=dog
Pug and pit are both in the same class dog
Transivity
A=B
B=A
Picture=spoken word
Spoken word=picture
Symmetry
A=A (matching)
Reflexivity
After breaking up with her boyfriend Jane refuses to go to a specific restaurant because it reminds her of their relationship. Each time Jane passes the restaurant she mumbles something and walks away. Avoiding the restaurant is an example of which operant conditioning
Negative reinforcement
Joe walks his dog at 7am. One morning he sleeps in and wakes up at 1030 and his dog has defecated on the rug next to his bed. In the future, Joe makes sure he takes her on a walk at 7. This is an example of which operant conditioning
Positive Punishment
Bob hates taking baths, which typically occurs after dinner is over. After dinner, Bob runs to his room and locks the door. What motivating operation is the end of dinner
CMO-R
Sue notices it is raining, she looks for her closet to find her umbrella. what motivating operation is finding her umbrella
CMO-T
Lana’s dog barks when a visitor comes to the door. Now when she hears footsteps she calls he dogs name to distract him. what motivating operation is the sound of footsteps
CMO-R
Cole uses the Pomodoro method to do his to-do list. When a 25min timer goes off he takes a 5 minute break. After the break he returns to the project. This is a form of
Negative Reinforcement
Larry books a conference room when there is a deadline approaching so he can work quietly on his project without disruption. This is an example of
Negative Reinforcement
If you redeem your credit card points to pay for your airline ticket, what schedule of reinforcement does this exemplify
Fixed Ratio
What schedule of reinforcement is the best to utilize when teaching a new skill
fixed ratio
Mom puts a tired toddler to sleep always in her fuzzy sweater. One day she doesn’t have her sweater and the toddler wont go to sleep. The fuzzy sweater serves as which type of MO
CMO-S
What verbal operant is considered the least complex
duplic
