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OSCEs > Cytotoxic Agents > Flashcards

Cytotoxic Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Cyclophosphamide mechanism

A

Alkylating agent - causes cross-linking in DNA

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2
Q

Cyclophosphamide side effects

A
  • Haemorrhagic cystitis
  • myelosuppression
  • transitional cell carcinoma
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3
Q

Bleomycin mechanism

A

Degrades preformed DNA

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4
Q

Bleomycin side effects

A
  • Lung fibrosis
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5
Q

Doxorubicin mechanism

A

Stabilizes DNA-topoisomerase II complex inhibits DNA & RNA synthesis

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6
Q

Doxorubicin side effects

A
  • Cardiomyopathy
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7
Q

Methotrexate mechanism

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthesis

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8
Q

Methotrexate side effects

A
  • Myelosuppression
  • mucositis
  • liver fibrosis
  • lung fibrosis
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9
Q

Fluorouracil (5-FU) mechanism

A

Pyrimidine analogue inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by blocking thymidylate synthase (works during S phase)

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10
Q

Fluorouracil (5-FU) side effects

A
  • Myelosuppression
  • mucositis
  • dermatitis
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11
Q

6-mercaptopurine mechanism

A

Purine analogue that is activated by HGPRTase, decreasing purine synthesis

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12
Q

6-mercaptopurine side effects

A
  • Myelosuppression
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13
Q

Cytarabine mechanism

A

Pyrimidine antagonist. Interferes with DNA synthesis specifically at the S-phase of the cell cycle and inhibits DNA polymerase

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14
Q

Cytarabine side effects

A
  • Myelosuppression

- ataxia

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15
Q

Vincristine, vinblastine mechanism

A

Inhibits formation of microtubules

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16
Q

Vincristine, vinblastine side effects

A

Vincristine:

  • Peripheral neuropathy (reversible)
  • paralytic ileus

Vinblastine:
- myelosuppression

17
Q

Docetaxel mechanism

A

Prevents microtubule depolymerisation & disassembly, decreasing free tubulin

18
Q

Docetaxel side effects

A
  • Neutropaenia
19
Q

Cisplatin mechanism

A

Causes cross-linking in DNA

20
Q

Cisplatin side effects

A
  • Ototoxicity
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • hypomagnesaemia
21
Q

Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) mechanism

A

Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, decreasing DNA synthesis

22
Q

Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) side effects

A
  • Myelosuppression

OSCEs (17 decks)

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