Antibiotic Classes Flashcards
penicillins
Disrupts the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls - beta-lactam
- amoxicillin
- ampicillin
- flucloxacillin
- penicillin G
- penicillin V
- piperacillin
cephalosporins; 1st generation
disrupt synthesis of peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls - beta-lactam
- cefalexin
carbapenems
inhibition of cell wall synthesis
- ertopenem
- meropenem
macrolides
Inhibition of bacterial protein biosynthesis by binding reversibly to the subunit 50S of the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting translocation of peptidyl tRNA.
- azithromycin
- clarithromycin
- erythromycin
aminoglycosides
bind to bacterial 30s ribosomal subunit
- amikacin
- gentamicin
- neomycin
- streptomycin
tetracyclines
Inhibits the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. They do so mainly by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit in the mRNA translation complex.
- doxycycline
- oxytetracycline
- tetracycline
quinolones/fluoroquinolones
Inhibits the bacterial DNA gyrase or the topoisomerase IV enzyme, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and transcription.
- ciprofloxacin
- levofloxacin
- ofloxacin
cephalosporins; 2nd generation
disrupt synthesis of peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls - beta-lactam
- cefuroxime
cephalosporins; 3rd generation
disrupt synthesis of peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls - beta-lactam
- cefotaxime
- ceftriaxone
glycopeptides
inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis
- teicoplanin
- vancomycin
lincosamides
Binds to 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomal RNA thereby inhibiting protein synthesis.
- clindamycin
nitrofurans
- nitrofurantoin
oxazolidinones
Protein synthesis inhibitor; prevents the initiation step
- linezolid
penicillin combinations
The second component reduces efficacy of beta-lactamase
- amoxicillin/clavulanate (co-amoxiclav)
- piperacillin/tazobactam (piptaz)
sulphonamides
folate synthesis inhibition
- sulfamethoxazole
- sulfasalazine
- trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole)
