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Physiology > Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

Cytoskeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A 
Gives shape 
capacity to move 
transport of organelles
cell division 
chromosome org + movement
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2
Q

What part of the cytoskeleton carries out tread milling ?

A

Microfilaments

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3
Q

What is the structure of microfilaments ?

A

4 domains + central cleft where divalent cation (mg2+) and nucleotide bind
LINEAR assemblies of actin protein MONOMERS
Diff actin isoforms between kingdoms

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4
Q

Describe the formation of F- actin

A

G- actin (globular) has tightly bound ca2+ and non-covalently bound ATP

Forms F-actin (filament) ATP hydrolysed but energy not expressed

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5
Q

What are the two ends of a microfilament called ?

A 
Barded = plus end 
Pointed = minus end, slower subunit addition SO needs conformational change in subunits
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6
Q

What is ARP2/ARP3 ?

A

Primer for actin polymerisation

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7
Q

What regulates the RATE of MF synthesis ?

A

Profilin = rapid plus end growth

Actin- Thymosin =no binding no plus end growth

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8
Q

What is Gelsolin ?

A

primer for chain elongation
ca2+ dependent binding
causes cleaving of MF
freed by PIP2 = free plus end for elongation

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9
Q

What is the most stable and less soluble component of the cytoskeleton ?

A

Intermediate filament

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10
Q

Whats the main purpose of intermediate filaments ?

A

structural function

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11
Q

Whats the structure of microtubules ?

A

a- tubulin + b- tubulin = DIMER

a-tubulin bound GTP (doesn’t hydrolyse)

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12
Q

Whats the MT arrangement in a basal body ?

A

9 + 2

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13
Q

Whats the major microtubule organising centre ?

A

Centrosome

9 triplet formation in centrioles

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14
Q

How are microtubules formed?

A

Nucleation initialises formation of MT from tubulin dimer.
Y- tubulin ring complex acts as teplate for dimers to begin polymerisation

Polymerisation driven by GTP hydrolysis

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15
Q

What dynamic instability mean when referring to MT?

A

They switch between growing and shrinking quickly

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16
Q

What is energetically favourable when forming MT?

A

Polymerisation of free tubulin

17
Q

How are MT regulated?

A

Stathmin binds to alpha beta tubulin = reduce free pool + elongation
GTP hydrolysis catches up = loss of GTP cap
Transition from growing to shrinking state

18
Q

What is the bound nucleotide in unpolymerised state of actin and tubulin ?

A 
Actin = ATP
Tubulin = GTP
19
Q

What are the shapes of the polymers of actin and tubulin ?

A 
Actin = 2 stranded helix
Tubulin = hollow tube of 13 protofilaments

Physiology (9 decks)

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