Cytology

Question 0

Two main classification of cells:

Answer 0

Gametes and Somatic

Question 1

Cells are:

Answer 1

• Structural “building blocks”
• Produced by division of other cells
• The smallest living unit

Question 2

Gametes

Answer 2

• Produced by gonads (testes or ovaries)
• Male gametes = sperm
• Female gametes = oocyte

Question 3

Somatic cells

Answer 3

All other cells in the body except reproductive (gamete) cells

Question 4

Average cell count in the human body:

Answer 4

75 trillion. About 65 trillion are blood cells. 1cm3=1 billion cells

Question 5

Largest and smallest cell:

Answer 5

Oocyte and sperm

Question 6

Cell Shapes:

Answer 6

Squamous   Spheroid
Cuboidal      Discoid
Columnar     Fusiform
Polygonal     Fibrous
Stellate

Question 7

Squamous

Answer 7

Thin, flat, scaly shape, often with a bulge where the nucleus is.

Line the esophagus and form the epidermis.

Question 8

Cuboidal

Answer 8

Cube-shaped. About equal in height and width.

Liver cells are cuboidal.

Question 9

Columnar

Answer 9

Taller than wide.

Line the stomach and intestines.

Question 10

Polygonal

Answer 10

Irregular angular shape cell

Question 11

Stellate

Answer 11

Star-like shaped cells.

Many nerve cells are stellate shaped.

Question 12

Spheroid

Answer 12

Round to oval.

Egg cells and white blood cells.

Question 13

Discoid

Answer 13

Disc-shaped

Red blood cells.

Question 14

Fusiform

Answer 14

Spindle-shaped or toothpick-shaped. Elongated with tapered ends.

Smooth muscle cells.

Question 15

Fibrous

Answer 15

Long, slender, and threadlike.

Skeletal muscle cells and the axons (nerve fibers) of nerve cells.

Question 16

Name the three surfaces of a cell:

Answer 16

Apical
Basal
Lateral

Question 17

Basal

Answer 17

The bottom surface of a cell.

Question 18

Apical

Answer 18

The outside surface of a cell. Can contain specialized surface.

Question 19

Lateral surface

Answer 19

Surface towards the sides.

Question 20

Cells are measured in what?

Answer 20

Micrometers (1 millionth of a meter)

Question 21

How many micrometers are necessary for a cell to be visible to the human eye?

Answer 21

100 micrometers (size of an oocyte)

Question 22

Average cell size:

Answer 22

10-15 micrometers

Question 23

Basic components of a cell (cellular anatomy):

Answer 23

Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
  *Cytoskeleton
  *Organelles
  *Cytosol
Nucleus