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Clinical Pathology > Cytology > Flashcards

Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the nucleus of a degenerative neutrophil?

A

swells, loses lobulation, becomes paler

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2
Q

What kind of inflammation is seen when both macrophages and neutrophils are present?

A

pyogranulomatous

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3
Q

What characterizes epithelial cells in a FN biopsy?

A

large, in sheets, oval to angular, nuclei round and central, abundant cytoplasm

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4
Q

What are the terms for a benign epithelial cell? malignant?

A

benign - adenoma

malignant - carcinoma

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5
Q

What are the criteria for malignancy?

A 
anisocytosis/anisokaryosis
macrocytosis - large cells
cell crowding
cell cannibalism
multinucleation - odd numbers
high N:C
macrokaryosis
increased/abnormal mitotic figures
coarse chromatin
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6
Q

What characterizes a follicular/epidermal inclusion cyst?

A

white chalk like material when dries on slide

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7
Q

What is the size of a medium lymphocyte?

A

2-2.5x RBC

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8
Q

What does a normal cell population look like in a lymph node?

A

dominated by small lymphs
low number of med to large
occasional other cells

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9
Q

What characterizes a hyperplastic/reactive lymph node?

A

similar to normal, but LN enlarged
increased med to large LC (less than 50%)
increase in plasma cells

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10
Q

What characterizes lymphadenitis?

A

increased inflammatory cells

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11
Q

What characterizes lymphoid neoplasia?

A

more than 50% immature lymphocytes - monotony

numbers more important than appearance

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12
Q

How should the animal be positioned when doing a liver aspirate?

A

dorsal, right lateral recumbancy or standing

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13
Q

What stain is used to confirm lipids in hepatic aspirates?

A

Sudan 3 or oil red O

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14
Q

What charcterizes glucocorticod hepatopathy?

A

swollen cells, cytoplasm pale and whispy, ruptured cells

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15
Q

What stain can confirm glucocorticoid hepatopathy?

A

PAS stain –> glycogen

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16
Q

What are curschmann’s spirals?

A

mucus in coil - secondary to excessive mucus production –> bronchiolar obstruction

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17
Q

What characterizes a recurrent airway obstruction in a horse?

A

mixed neutro and macro exudate, curschmanns spirals, hyperplastic

18
Q

What characterizes a transudate fluid?

A

clear to slight yellow, low cell count, protein less than 25

19
Q

What characterizes an exudate?

A

hazy to cloudy, higher than 7 cell count, greater than 30 protein

20
Q

What characterizes a chylous fluid?

A

white/milky, protein greater than 25

21
Q

What characterizes a neoplastic fluid?

A

light yellow to apricot, protein is 27-75

22
Q

What is added to slide preperations for fluid?

A

nothing! - use fresh

23
Q

What cells are present in a transudate?

A

mesothelial cells/macrophages/occasional neutrophils

24
Q

What cells are present in an exudate?

A

neutrophils greater than 70%, macrophages

can be septic or non septic

25
Q

What cells are present in a modified transudate?

A

mixture of macros, non degen neutros, small lymphs, mesothelial cells

26
Q

What cells are present in acute chylous effusion?

A

small lymphs, macros, occ. neutros

27
Q

What cells can be seen in acute hemorrhage?

A

erythrophages

28
Q

What cells can be seen in chronic hemorrhage?

A

siderophages, hematoidin

29
Q

What does normal equine peritoneal fluid look like?

A

modified transudate

30
Q

What does non septic exudate equine peritoneal fluid look like?

A

neutrophils more than macrophages

31
Q

How can you tell if you tapped into the gut of a horse or if the gut is ruptured?

A

cell count low if rupture

32
Q

What does a xanthochromic synovial fluid indicate?

A

previous hemorrhage

33
Q

What does a fibrin clot in synovial fluid indicate?

A

inflammation

34
Q

What is thixotropism?

A

synovial fluid becomes semi solid gel

35
Q

How is a mucin clot test done on synovial fluid?

A

synovia+ glacial acetic acid

36
Q

What should synovial fluid be diluted with for hemacytometry?

A

saline

37
Q

What should be added for cytology to thin the synovial fluid?

A

hyalurondiase

38
Q

What are the causes of non-purulent arthropathy?

A

DJD, traumatic joint dz, neoplastic joint dz

39
Q

What are the causes of purulent non-infectious arthropathy?

A

immune mediated arthritis

40
Q

What are 2 other names for purulent arthropathy?

A

supparative, neutrophilic

Clinical Pathology (7 decks)

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