Cytology Flashcards
What happens to the nucleus of a degenerative neutrophil?
swells, loses lobulation, becomes paler
What kind of inflammation is seen when both macrophages and neutrophils are present?
pyogranulomatous
What characterizes epithelial cells in a FN biopsy?
large, in sheets, oval to angular, nuclei round and central, abundant cytoplasm
What are the terms for a benign epithelial cell? malignant?
benign - adenoma
malignant - carcinoma
What are the criteria for malignancy?
anisocytosis/anisokaryosis macrocytosis - large cells cell crowding cell cannibalism multinucleation - odd numbers high N:C macrokaryosis increased/abnormal mitotic figures coarse chromatin
What characterizes a follicular/epidermal inclusion cyst?
white chalk like material when dries on slide
What is the size of a medium lymphocyte?
2-2.5x RBC
What does a normal cell population look like in a lymph node?
dominated by small lymphs
low number of med to large
occasional other cells
What characterizes a hyperplastic/reactive lymph node?
similar to normal, but LN enlarged
increased med to large LC (less than 50%)
increase in plasma cells
What characterizes lymphadenitis?
increased inflammatory cells
What characterizes lymphoid neoplasia?
more than 50% immature lymphocytes - monotony
numbers more important than appearance
How should the animal be positioned when doing a liver aspirate?
dorsal, right lateral recumbancy or standing
What stain is used to confirm lipids in hepatic aspirates?
Sudan 3 or oil red O
What charcterizes glucocorticod hepatopathy?
swollen cells, cytoplasm pale and whispy, ruptured cells
What stain can confirm glucocorticoid hepatopathy?
PAS stain –> glycogen
What are curschmann’s spirals?
mucus in coil - secondary to excessive mucus production –> bronchiolar obstruction
What characterizes a recurrent airway obstruction in a horse?
mixed neutro and macro exudate, curschmanns spirals, hyperplastic
What characterizes a transudate fluid?
clear to slight yellow, low cell count, protein less than 25
What characterizes an exudate?
hazy to cloudy, higher than 7 cell count, greater than 30 protein
What characterizes a chylous fluid?
white/milky, protein greater than 25
What characterizes a neoplastic fluid?
light yellow to apricot, protein is 27-75
What is added to slide preperations for fluid?
nothing! - use fresh
What cells are present in a transudate?
mesothelial cells/macrophages/occasional neutrophils
What cells are present in an exudate?
neutrophils greater than 70%, macrophages
can be septic or non septic
What cells are present in a modified transudate?
mixture of macros, non degen neutros, small lymphs, mesothelial cells
What cells are present in acute chylous effusion?
small lymphs, macros, occ. neutros
What cells can be seen in acute hemorrhage?
erythrophages
What cells can be seen in chronic hemorrhage?
siderophages, hematoidin
What does normal equine peritoneal fluid look like?
modified transudate
What does non septic exudate equine peritoneal fluid look like?
neutrophils more than macrophages
How can you tell if you tapped into the gut of a horse or if the gut is ruptured?
cell count low if rupture
What does a xanthochromic synovial fluid indicate?
previous hemorrhage
What does a fibrin clot in synovial fluid indicate?
inflammation
What is thixotropism?
synovial fluid becomes semi solid gel
How is a mucin clot test done on synovial fluid?
synovia+ glacial acetic acid
What should synovial fluid be diluted with for hemacytometry?
saline
What should be added for cytology to thin the synovial fluid?
hyalurondiase
What are the causes of non-purulent arthropathy?
DJD, traumatic joint dz, neoplastic joint dz
What are the causes of purulent non-infectious arthropathy?
immune mediated arthritis
What are 2 other names for purulent arthropathy?
supparative, neutrophilic
