Cytology Flashcards
What happens to the nucleus of a degenerative neutrophil?
swells, loses lobulation, becomes paler
What kind of inflammation is seen when both macrophages and neutrophils are present?
pyogranulomatous
What characterizes epithelial cells in a FN biopsy?
large, in sheets, oval to angular, nuclei round and central, abundant cytoplasm
What are the terms for a benign epithelial cell? malignant?
benign - adenoma
malignant - carcinoma
What are the criteria for malignancy?
anisocytosis/anisokaryosis macrocytosis - large cells cell crowding cell cannibalism multinucleation - odd numbers high N:C macrokaryosis increased/abnormal mitotic figures coarse chromatin
What characterizes a follicular/epidermal inclusion cyst?
white chalk like material when dries on slide
What is the size of a medium lymphocyte?
2-2.5x RBC
What does a normal cell population look like in a lymph node?
dominated by small lymphs
low number of med to large
occasional other cells
What characterizes a hyperplastic/reactive lymph node?
similar to normal, but LN enlarged
increased med to large LC (less than 50%)
increase in plasma cells
What characterizes lymphadenitis?
increased inflammatory cells
What characterizes lymphoid neoplasia?
more than 50% immature lymphocytes - monotony
numbers more important than appearance
How should the animal be positioned when doing a liver aspirate?
dorsal, right lateral recumbancy or standing
What stain is used to confirm lipids in hepatic aspirates?
Sudan 3 or oil red O
What charcterizes glucocorticod hepatopathy?
swollen cells, cytoplasm pale and whispy, ruptured cells
What stain can confirm glucocorticoid hepatopathy?
PAS stain –> glycogen
What are curschmann’s spirals?
mucus in coil - secondary to excessive mucus production –> bronchiolar obstruction
What characterizes a recurrent airway obstruction in a horse?
mixed neutro and macro exudate, curschmanns spirals, hyperplastic
What characterizes a transudate fluid?
clear to slight yellow, low cell count, protein less than 25
What characterizes an exudate?
hazy to cloudy, higher than 7 cell count, greater than 30 protein
What characterizes a chylous fluid?
white/milky, protein greater than 25
What characterizes a neoplastic fluid?
light yellow to apricot, protein is 27-75
What is added to slide preperations for fluid?
nothing! - use fresh
What cells are present in a transudate?
mesothelial cells/macrophages/occasional neutrophils
What cells are present in an exudate?
neutrophils greater than 70%, macrophages
can be septic or non septic
