Clin Path Midterm - PPTs Flashcards
What are the 3 conditions where IV and EV hemolysis occur concurrently?
Parasites
heinz bodies
RBCs with Abs
What are the 3 hemoglobulinopathies?
Sickle cell disease
Thalassemia (absence of parts of hemoglobin)
Anemia - impaired flexibility
Which breed can get a inherited deficiency of phosphofructokinase?
english springer spaniels
What breeds get a PK deficiency?
Basenji, beagles, cairn terriers
What type of PK causes less intravascular survival of RBCs?
R-type PK
What causes the problems associated with congenital erythropoietic porphyria?
inadequate Hb is produced
What are the symptoms of congenital erythropoietic porphyria?
photosensitization, pink tooth, anemia
What breeds get congenital erythropoietic porphyria?
holstein, shorthorn
Is IMHA in dogs mostly extravascular or intravascular?
extravascular
What are the causes of secondary IMHA?
Drugs (penicillin and sulfa)
infection
neoplasia - hemangiosarcoma
transfusion reaction
Is immune mediated thrombocytopenia IV or EV?
extravascular
What are the causes of inappropriate RBC regeneration?
Lead poisoning
myeloproliferative dz
BM toxicity
Chronic hypoxia in animals with CHF
What is a major cross match?
recipient serum + donor RBCS
What is a minor cross match
donor serum + recipient RBCs
What are the life spans of transfused RBCs in domestic animals?
Cats - 5 weeks
Dogs - 3 weeks
Horses - 1 week
cattle - several days
What chemical should be added to transfused blood?
acid citrate dextrose
What are febrile, non hemolytic, transfusion rxns caused by?
WBC
What are the most immunogenic horse blood groups?
A and Q
What is the most immunogenic cow blood group?
J
What are the most immunogenic dog blood groups?
1.1 and 1.2
What happens when type A blood of cat is transfused to type B cat?
acute severe transfusion reaction
What happens when type B blood is transferred into type A cat?
rapid removal of RBCs
What anticoagulant is used for PTT and PT?
sodium citrate
What additive for platelet counts?
EDTA
What hemostasis tests need blood from plain red tubes?
CT, ACT, CRT
What may a prolonged BMBT (BT) mean?
vascular or platelet quantity or quality
vWFD
purpura hemorrhagica
What does a clot lysis before 24 hours mean?
excess of fibrin degradation products (excess plasmin)
Platelets less than 30 means?
immune mediated thrombocytopenia
Platelets 50 to 90 means?
DIC
What coagulation test measures extrinsic pathway?
PT
What pathways does APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) measure?
time it takes to form clot - intrinsic and common pathways
What test should be performed with APTT?
OSPT
What test is more sensitive, ACT or CT or PTT?
PTT>ACT>CT
What does CT (coagulation time) measure?
tube break - fibrin strand
What pathways does ACT (activated coagulation time)measure?
intrinsic and common
What can mess up the ACT test?
severe thrombocytopenia
What are the other names for PT test?
OSPT
What are other names for PTT test?
APTT, aPTT
What pathways does OSPT measure?
extrinsic and common
What does prolonged PIVKA indicate?
warfarin
What is more sensitive? PT or PIVKA?
PT
What is the best test indicator for DIC?
D-dimers
What disease is a horse with bleeding, low PCV, but coagulation tests are WRI?
purpura hemorrhagica
What are causes of prolonged TCT (thrombin clotting time)?
hypofibrinogenemia
dysfunction of fibrinogen
What does monoclonal gammopathy indicate?
multiple myeloma, take bone marrow aspirate
What should be seen when you put bone marrow on slide?
yellow floccules and blood
What should be examined in BM aspirate at 10x?
cellularity
What should be examined in BM aspirate at 40x?
proportions of percursor cells
What should be examined in BM aspirate at 100 X?
precursor lines, morphology, G/E ratio
What does a High G/normal E ratio mean?
inflammation
What does a normal G/low E ratio mean?
non-regenerative anemia
What does a small G/normal E ratio mean?
Leukopenia
What does Normal G/high E ratio mean?
anemia with regeneration
Which species have large granulocyte bone marrow storage pools?
dogs and cats
Which species have small granulocyte bone marrow storage pools?
horses and ruminants
What characterizes per acute inflammation leukogram?
leukopenia, neutropenia –> sepsis
What is a leukemoid reaction?
severe leukocytosis (50 to 100) that resembles leukemia
What can cause leukemoid reaction?
pyometra, chronic active peritonitis, H. canis, IMHA, neoplasms w/ necrosis
Which species get Chediak-Higashi syndrome?
cows, persian cats
What are the characteristics of reactive lymphocytes?
bigger, less dense, basophilic, (AKA immunocytes)
What characterizes typical inflammatory leukogram?
leukocytosis, left shift, neutrophilia
What characterizes typical stress leukogram?
lymphopenia
What characterizes excitement response leukogram?
leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, no left shift
What are the causes of MPD?
viral, drugs, chemicals, radiation
What characterizes acute MPD?
30% or more blast cells in bone marrow
What characterizes chronic MPD?
predominance of mature cells in BM
What species get myelomonocytic sarcoma most commonly?
dogs
What characterizes myelomonocytic sarcoma?
very high WBC count and blood smears with mature and blast cells
What are the frequent CBC changes in MPD?
non regenerative anemia
leukocytosis
blast cells in blood
thrompocytopenia
What is a frequent blood change in MDS?
peripheral blood cytopenias
How is acute MPD different than MDS?
blast cell in acute MPD is greater than 30%
How is chronic MPD different than MDS?
in chronic MPD - leukocytosis is prominant
What is multiple myeloma?
cancer in plasma cells in BM
What type of lymphoproliferative disorder do dogs get?
multicentric
What type of lymphoproliferative disorders do cats get?
alimentary, thymic
What type of lymphoproliferative disorders do cattle get?
viral enzootic bovine leukosis
What is the malignant type of multiple myeloma?
plasma cell myeloma
benign - plasmacytomas
What are the signs of multiple myeloma?
monoclonal gammopathy
hypercalcemia
bence jones proteinuria
