Cytokines of Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

IL-2

Answer 1

mediates growth, survival, and differentiate of T lymphocytes

Question 2

activity of IL-2

Answer 2

anti-apoptotic function to promote survival
-BCL-2

also promotes cell cycle through cyclin synthesis
-p27 degradation

Question 3

regulatory T cells and IL-2

Answer 3

regulatory T cells suppress autoreactivity and inhibit the T cell response (inhibitory)

-IL-2 is require for their survival
receptor is constitutively expressed**

Question 4

NK cells and IL-2

Answer 4

will stimulate their differentiation

Question 5

IL2 and B cells?

Answer 5

stimulate antibody production

Question 6

source of IL-2

Answer 6

mainly produced by CD4+ T cells
-activated by antigens and costimulators

secreted into the synapse between T cell and APC

Question 7

IL-4

Answer 7

signature cytokine of Th2 cells

• stimulates differention of CD4+ Th2 cells
• inhibits the differentiate of Th1

activate mast cell/eosinophil mediated reactions

Question 8

IL-4 on B cells?

Answer 8

will stimulate them to produce IgE

-IgE is parasitic response and allergies

Question 9

IL-4 and macrophages?

Answer 9

induces arginase expression that leads to collagen production and fibrosis (alternative pathway of macrophage activation)

Question 10

IL-5

Answer 10

activator of eosinophils
-Th2 release

stimulates growth and differentiate of eosinophils

also stimulates B cells to proliferate IgA (mucosal)

Question 11

sources of IL-5

Answer 11

Th2 cells **
also activated mast cells

-acts to activate eosinophils
kills helminthes
IgG and IgA

Question 12

IL-13

Answer 12

produced by Th2 CD4+ T cells**
-also produced by NK cells in early phase allergic response or basophils or eosinophils
shared effects with IL-4

Question 13

IL-13 receptor expression?

Answer 13

B cells, mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, fibroblasts, endothelial cells

Question 14

Th1 and Th2 and endothelial cells?

Answer 14

can both induce extravasation

Question 15

IL-13 clinical application?

Answer 15

promotes fibrosis (through arginase - decreased NO)
induces TGF-beta (promotes fibrosis

IL-13 contributes to pathology of chronic asthma

induces mucus production, IgE class switching, inflammation

Question 16

IFN gamma

Answer 16

Th1 release

activates macrophages

• stimulate them to kill phagocytosed microbes
• increase ROS and NO production

Question 17

signal from T cells for IFN gamma?

Answer 17

via T cells - CD40 and IFN-gamma

via NK cells - IFN-gamma alone

Question 18

activity of IFN-gamma

Answer 18

promotes Th1 and inhibits Th2 (with IL-12)

promotes B cells to switch to IgG

Question 19

activity of IFN-gamma on APCs?

Answer 19

induces MHC I and II, costimulators and transporters and proteosome

Question 20

source of IFN-gamma

Answer 20

NK cells
Th1 cells
CD8+ T cells

Question 21

TGF-beta

Answer 21

inhibits proliferation of lymphocytes and leukocytes
conteracts effects of inflammatory cytokines

stimulates B cells to produce IgA
-mucosal immunity

stimulates healing

• fibroblasts and macrophages
• collagen synthesis and matrix remodeling

produced by T cells, LPS-activated phagocytes, and regulatory T cells

Question 22

what cell type is responsible for the deposition of collagen?

Answer 22

macrophages (resident)

Question 23

stimulation of fibrosis?

Answer 23

initial infection usually cleared by Th1 response

if it doesn’t clear, goes to Th2 response
-fibrotic response by macrophages and fibroblasts

Question 24

cause of allergic asthma?

Answer 24

stimulus seen as a persistent infectious agent

• transition to Th2 response
• tissue lacks Th1 response

secondary stimulus exacerbates the fibrotic response