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MSS-IHL Final Exam > Antigen/Antibody Reactions > Flashcards

Antigen/Antibody Reactions Flashcards

0
Q

5 classes of antibodies in mammals?

A

IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD

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1
Q

Ag vs Ab?

A

antigen - Ag

antibody - Ab

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2
Q

class of antibody determined by what?

A

the heavy chain constant region

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3
Q

Fab

A

antibody portion that is variable region on heavy and light chain

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4
Q

Fc

A

constant region of the heavy and light chain

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5
Q

hypervariable regions

A

in the light and heavy variable regions of antibody

involved with the antigen binding that is complementary to epitope

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6
Q

CDR

A

hypervariable regions also known as the complementarity determining region
-location of junctional diversity

6 CDRs per antibody and TCR
3 light chain and 3 heavy chain

each antibody has 2 binding sites

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7
Q

CDR3

A

has the most variability

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8
Q

idiotope

A

CDR hypervariable regions of the antibody

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9
Q

isotype

A

class of the antibody

determined by the C region of the heavy chain

differ in size, charge, sequence, and carbohydrate content

9 isotypes in humans with functional differences
-all the basic Y structure

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10
Q

allotype

A

allelic differences in the heavy chain

-we all have suttle differences in our genetics

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11
Q

idiotype

A

antigenic differences in the V regions

- we all see an antigen differently
- this is our idiotypic antigen
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12
Q

what isotype is not bifunctional?

A

IgD

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13
Q

bifunctionality of antibody?

A

antibody binds antigen and mediates effector function

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14
Q

IgM

A

5-10% of total serum

in a pentamer form held by disulfide bonds
has a J chain - in the mucosa; immunity

10 binding sites for antigens

first antibody produced in a primary response
also, first produced by neonates
bc first one in line of C regions on gene

can be membrane bound or secreted (mIgM - membrane bound)

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15
Q

what antibody for primary response?

A

IgM

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16
Q

IgG

A

80%

primary antibody of secondary immune response

four classes:
IgG1, 2, 3, 4
all four can cross placenta
IgG 1 and 3 - bind Fc on phagocytes
IgG 3 - activator of complement
IgG 2 - relative restricted to carbohydrate antigens
IgG 4 - intermediate affinity for phagocytes

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17
Q

IgG four classes?

A

1, 2, 3, 4

all cross placenta

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18
Q

IgG 1

A

high affinity to Fc receptors on phagocytes

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19
Q

IgG 2

A

relatively restricted to carbohydrate antigens

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20
Q

IgG 3

A

efficient activator of complement

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21
Q

IgG 4

A

intermediate affinity for Fc receptors on phagocytes

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22
Q

CD markers

A

Fc receptors for IgG

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23
Q

CD 16

A

NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes

Fc receptor for IgG

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24
CD32
on B cells, monocytes/macrophages, and granulocytes Fc receptor for IgG
25
CD64
on monocytes/macrophages Fc receptor for IgG
26
IgA
constituent of the secondary immune response 10-15% total antibody can be a polymer with J piece (promotes secretory peptide) secretory - colostrum, saliva, tears, GU tract, digestive concentrated along mucous membrane surfaces
27
IgE
low concentration in serum high affinity for basophils and mast cells CD23a and CD23b powerful pharmacologic reactions - asthma, hay fever, peanut butters - helminth infections **important in worm defense
28
IgD
less than 1% of serum monomeric form on the membrane of B cells no function in serum have both IgM and IgD on membrane with same antigen specificity
29
antigen
foreign molecule that binds to an antibody **whether or not they induce an immune response
30
immunogens
antigen that causes an immune response
31
epitope
specific part of antigen that contacts the antibody binding site epitope binds the idiotope
32
pathogen
organism that causes disease
33
hapten
small molecules that bind antibody but won't cause immune response unless bound to carrier macromolecule **used in vaccinations **also leads to penicillin allergy
34
endogenous antigens
body's own cellular components or intracellular pathogens classified as: - autoantigens - alloantigens - intracellular pathogens
35
autoantigen
type of endogenous antigens self-antigen -ex autoimmune disease
36
alloantigens
type of endogenous antigen tissue specific antigen ex/ABO or HLA
37
exogenous antigens
antigens enter body or freely circulate the body fluids and are trapped by APCs classified as allergens, latrogenic, or microbial **latrogenic - doctor induced
38
factors influencing immunogenecity
``` molecular mass (smaller less likely to provoke immunity) **why happens need large molecule to bind to ``` foreignness (won't respond to self) chemical composition (more complex molecule more immunogenic) physical form (particulate more immunogenic than soluble) degradability (easily phagocytosed are more immunogenic) genetic factors (differences in individual immune repertoire) age (older has weaker immune response)
39
why subQ administration better?
phagocyte activation further increases the immune response
40
adjuvants
substances that can enhance the immune response can have undesirable side effects such as fever and inflammation
41
immunological priming
at slightly lower dose atopic disease and hypersensitivity
42
immunogen dose that is higher than optimal dose
annergy - cells cannot respond method of peripheral tolerance
43
vast majority of immunogens are?
proteins
44
nucleic acids immunogenecity?
poor although, they are good if single stranded
45
epitopes recognized by B cells?
determined by the size of the antigen binding site of antibody can bind soluble molecules can bind proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids
46
epitopes of T cells?
only see a sequence of amino acids in protein does not see thing in 3D 8-15 AAs in a row free peptides are not recognized -need to be bound to HLA (MHC) cannot bind soluble antigens
47
T dependent antigens
require both T helper cells and B cells **all T-dependent antigens are proteins involved in class switching and affinity maturation
48
T-independent antigens
non-protein can stimulate antibody response without help usually multiple identical epitopes that can cross-link BCR
49
mitogens
cause cell to undergo division LPS is an activator of B cells in humans
50
superantigens
activate a large number of T cells *look into this more
51
antigen/antibody bonds?
non-covalent hydrogen, electrostatic, van der waals, hydrophobic all together gives a high affinity bond
52
affinity
strength between antibody and its antigens
53
avidity
strength of interaction between multivalent antigen and multivalent antibody **avidity dependent on multiple affinities
54
hapten-carrier effect
basis of many drug allergies
55
monoclonal antibodies
mAB or moAb immune cells are clones of a single parent cell
56
first melanoma drug?
monoclonal antibody for CTLA-4 Yervoy = Ipilimumab
57
ELISA
utilize monoclonal antibodies ex/ pregnancy test
58
flow cytometry
monoclonal antibodies looking for fluorescently marked antibodies
59
immunohistochemistry
??

MSS-IHL Final Exam (15 decks)

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