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SP17: Micro/Immuno (Test 3) > Cytokines, Chemokines, Receptors > Flashcards

Cytokines, Chemokines, Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

What type of molecule is a cytokine?

A

Protein

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2
Q

Cytokines that attract cells are called ________.

A

Chemokines

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3
Q

T/F: Cytokine secretion is brief and self-limited.

A

True

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4
Q

T/F: One cytokine can have many effects.

A

True

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5
Q

T/F: Cytokines work independently and don’t influence one another.

A

FALSE

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6
Q

What are some cytokines of the innate immune system?

A

INFLAMMATION

Pro-inflammatory:

  1. TNF-alpha
  2. IL-1
  3. IL-12
  4. IFN

Anti-inflammatory:
1. IL-10

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7
Q

What is the function of TNF-alpha?

A

Works at the site of infection to:

  1. Activate leukocytes
  2. Activate adhesion molecules on immune cells and epithelium
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8
Q

T/F: High concentrations of TNF-alpha is good for the body.

A

FALSE

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9
Q

T/F: At low concentrations TNF-alpha initiates immune response.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

What are the main producers of IL-1?

A

Macrophages and neutrophils

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11
Q

What is the function of IL-1?

A

Same functions of TNF-alpha: activate cells of innate immune system and help with their adhesion

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12
Q

What are the functions of IL-6?

A
  1. Inflammation (similar to TNF-alpha and IL-1)

2. Stimulates liver to begin acute phase response

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13
Q

How does IL-12 stimulate the innate immune response?

A

Activates various cells which then produce IFN-gamma for macrophage killing

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14
Q

What various cells become activated by IL-12?

A
  1. CD4+
  2. NK cell
  3. CD8+
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15
Q

Which cytokines are specific for Th1 immunity?

A

IFN-gamma and IL-2

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16
Q

Which cytokines are specific to Th2 immunity?

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-2

17
Q

Group the cytokines into innate and adaptive immune systems.

A

Innate: IFN-gamma, IL-12, TNF, IL-1, chemokines

Adaptive: IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4

18
Q

What is the most important cytokine for adaptive immunity?

A

IL-2

19
Q

What is the function of IL-2?

A

Stimulate growth, survival, and differentiation of T cells

20
Q

Which T helper cells are most helpful against intracellular pathogens?

A

Th1

21
Q

What cytokine is produced by Th1 helper cells?

A

IFN-gamma

22
Q

Which T helper cells fight extracellular pathogens?

A

Th2 cells

23
Q

If a naive T cell is exposed to IL-2 and IL-12 what will it become?

A

Th1: will release IFN-gamma

24
Q

If a naive T cell is exposed to IL-2 and IL-4 what will it become?

A

Th2: produce IL-4. IL-5, IL-13

25
Q

What are the various functions of IFN-gamma?

A
  1. Facilitate macrophage killing
  2. Increase opsonization
  3. Increase antigen presentation
26
Q

Which cytokine leads to the Ig class switching to IgE?

A

IL-4

27
Q

What cytokine leads to eosinophils activation?

A

IL-5 via Th2 cell

28
Q

Which cytokine stimulates mucous production in gut and lung?

A

IL-13 via Th2 cells

29
Q

What cytokine is important in allergic response?

A

IL-5

30
Q

Which inhibitory cytokine is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, and T helper cells?

A

IL-10

31
Q

What cytokine does IL-10 inhibit?

A

IL-12

32
Q

What is the major roll of chemokines?

A

Regulate migration of cells from lymph nodes to periphery or vice versa

33
Q

What receptor binds to IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-13?

A

Type 1

34
Q

Which receptor family binds to IFN-gamma and IL-10?

A

Type II

35
Q

What type of receptor binds to all chemokines?

A

G-protein-coupled receptors

SP17: Micro/Immuno (Test 3) (8 decks)

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