Cytokines, Chemokines, Receptors Flashcards
What type of molecule is a cytokine?
Protein
Cytokines that attract cells are called ________.
Chemokines
T/F: Cytokine secretion is brief and self-limited.
True
T/F: One cytokine can have many effects.
True
T/F: Cytokines work independently and don’t influence one another.
FALSE
What are some cytokines of the innate immune system?
INFLAMMATION
Pro-inflammatory:
- TNF-alpha
- IL-1
- IL-12
- IFN
Anti-inflammatory:
1. IL-10
What is the function of TNF-alpha?
Works at the site of infection to:
- Activate leukocytes
- Activate adhesion molecules on immune cells and epithelium
T/F: High concentrations of TNF-alpha is good for the body.
FALSE
T/F: At low concentrations TNF-alpha initiates immune response.
TRUE
What are the main producers of IL-1?
Macrophages and neutrophils
What is the function of IL-1?
Same functions of TNF-alpha: activate cells of innate immune system and help with their adhesion
What are the functions of IL-6?
- Inflammation (similar to TNF-alpha and IL-1)
2. Stimulates liver to begin acute phase response
How does IL-12 stimulate the innate immune response?
Activates various cells which then produce IFN-gamma for macrophage killing
What various cells become activated by IL-12?
- CD4+
- NK cell
- CD8+
Which cytokines are specific for Th1 immunity?
IFN-gamma and IL-2
Which cytokines are specific to Th2 immunity?
IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-2
Group the cytokines into innate and adaptive immune systems.
Innate: IFN-gamma, IL-12, TNF, IL-1, chemokines
Adaptive: IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4
What is the most important cytokine for adaptive immunity?
IL-2
What is the function of IL-2?
Stimulate growth, survival, and differentiation of T cells
Which T helper cells are most helpful against intracellular pathogens?
Th1
What cytokine is produced by Th1 helper cells?
IFN-gamma
Which T helper cells fight extracellular pathogens?
Th2 cells
If a naive T cell is exposed to IL-2 and IL-12 what will it become?
Th1: will release IFN-gamma
If a naive T cell is exposed to IL-2 and IL-4 what will it become?
Th2: produce IL-4. IL-5, IL-13
What are the various functions of IFN-gamma?
- Facilitate macrophage killing
- Increase opsonization
- Increase antigen presentation
Which cytokine leads to the Ig class switching to IgE?
IL-4
What cytokine leads to eosinophils activation?
IL-5 via Th2 cell
Which cytokine stimulates mucous production in gut and lung?
IL-13 via Th2 cells
What cytokine is important in allergic response?
IL-5
Which inhibitory cytokine is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, and T helper cells?
IL-10
What cytokine does IL-10 inhibit?
IL-12
What is the major roll of chemokines?
Regulate migration of cells from lymph nodes to periphery or vice versa
What receptor binds to IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-13?
Type 1
Which receptor family binds to IFN-gamma and IL-10?
Type II
What type of receptor binds to all chemokines?
G-protein-coupled receptors
