Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > Cytokines and Chemokines > Flashcards

Cytokines and Chemokines Flashcards

1
Q

Cytokines and Chemokines

A

Signalling proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functions of cytokines and chemokines

A
  • They enable cross-talk between the components of immune system
  • They drive immune cellular movement and action
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Clinically relevant cytokines and chemokines

A
  • IL-1 (Interleukin-1)
  • IL-2
  • IL-6
  • IL-10
  • IL-17
  • TNF (Tumour necrosis factor)
  • IFN (interferon)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

IL-1: secreted by- ?

TNF is released by- ?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Co-stimulator(s) of T cell roliferation

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Co-stimulator of B cell proliferation

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

IL-1: Functions on endothelium

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

IL-1: Functions on endothelium

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

IL-1: increases endothelial release of - ?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

IL-1: Effect on vessels ?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

IL-1: How does it cause vasodialation or increase vascular permeability ?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

IL-1: Role in sepsis ?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 Cytokines that act on hypothalamus to cause pyrexia

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

IL-1: Clinical significance

A
  • Upregulated in many ‘autoinflammatory disease’, e.g. Periodic fever syndromes
  • It can be blocked by ‘Anakinra’
  • Anakinra is an effective treatment for periodic fever syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

IL-2: Functions

A

Drives T cell proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

IL-2: Clinical significance

A
  • Upregulated in ‘T-cell driven diseases’, e.g. Transplant rejection
  • It can be supressed by calcinurin inhibitors (ciclosporin and tacrolimus)
  • Ciclosporin and Tacrolimus (Calcinurin inhibitors) are effective treatment of transplant rejection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

IL-6: Function

A
  • Pro-inflammatory cytokine
  • Key driver in acute phase response (especially CRP production)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

IL-6: Clinical significance

A
  • Upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) & other acute phase responses
  • It is inhibited by tocilizumab
  • Tocilizumab is an effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CRP monitoring in a patient who is on ‘tocilizumab’ treatment

A

Patients are unable to mount a CRP response (even during infection)

Normal CRP would not be reassuring in this setting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

IL-10: Function

A
  • Anti-inflammatory cytokine
  • Downregulates other cytokine production
  • Supressed HLA class II expression
21
Q

IL-10: Clinical significance

A
  • NOT much really clinically significant
  • BUT one of the few “truly anti-inflammatory cytokines”
22
Q

IL-17: Function

A
  • Stimulates production of Th17 cells
23
Q

IL-17: Clinical significance

A

Not yet

But as Th17 is a very recent discovery >>> manipulation of this pathway is likely to become very important in the coming years

24
Q

TNF: Function

A
  • Pro-inflammatory cytokine
  • Recruits T cells
  • Central to granuloma formation
25
Q

TNF: Source

A

Produced by “macrophages” >>> to recruit T Cells

26
Q

TNF: Clinical significance

A
  • Upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis
  • It is inhibited by ‘Adalimumab’
  • Adalimumab is a mainstay therapy in rheumatoid arthritis
27
Q

Side-effect of ‘Adalimumab’

A

Reactivation of granulomatous disease

28
Q

IFN: Function

A
  • Pro-inflammatory cytokine
  • Important in response to “viral infection”
29
Q

IFN: Clinical significance

A
  • Use as a treatment of >>
    • Chronic viral infection (hepatitis C)
    • Multiple sclerosis (MS)
30
Q

Side-effects of IFN (Interferon)

A

Flu-like symptoms

31
Q

Which cytokines do they inhibit?

  • Anakinra-?
  • Ciclosporin (Calcinurin inhibitor)-?
  • Tacrolimus (Calcinurin inhibitor)-?
  • Tocilizumab-?
  • Adalimumab-?
A
  • Anakinra >> IL-1
  • Ciclosporin (Calcinurin inhibitor) >> IL-2
  • Tacrolimus (Calcinurin inhibitor) >> IL-2
  • Tocilizumab >> IL-6
  • Adalimumab >> TNF
32
Q

Which diseases do they treat?

  • Anakinra-?
  • Ciclosporin (Calcinurin inhibitor)-?
  • Tacrolimus (Calcinurin inhibitor)-?
  • Tocilizumab-?
  • Adalimumab-?
  • IFN-?
A
  • Anakinra >>> Periodic fever syndrome
  • Ciclosporin (Calcinurin inhibitor) >>> Transplant rejection
  • Tacrolimus (Calcinurin inhibitor) >>> Transplant rejection
  • Tocilizumab >>> Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Adalimumab >>> Rheumatoid arthritis
  • IFN >>> Chronic infection (hepatitisC), Multiple sclerosis
33
Q

Important side effects of the following >>>

  • Tocilizumab-?
  • Adalimumab-?
  • IFN-?
A
  • Tocilizumab >>> unable to mount a CRP response
  • Adalimumab >>> reactivation of TB & other granulomatous diseases
  • IFN >>> Flu-like symptoms
34
Q

Important pro-inflammatory cytokines

A
  • IL-1
  • IL-6
  • TNF
  • IFN
35
Q

Name an important truly anti-inflammatory cytokine

A

IL-10

36
Q

Which cytokine does downregulate other cytokine production?

A

IL-10

37
Q

Which cytokine does supress HLA class II expression?

A

IL-10

38
Q

Which cytokine has an important response to viral infection?

A

IFN (interferon)

39
Q

Which cytokine is central to granuloma formation?

A

TNF (Tumour necrosis factor)

40
Q

Which cytokine is a key driver of acute-phase response or mainly CRP production?

A

IL-6

41
Q

Which cytokine does drive T-cell profileration?

A

Many of them

IL-2 mainly drives T-cell proliferation

42
Q

Which cytokine does stimulate production of T17 cells?

A

IL-17

43
Q

Subsets of T-helper cells

A
44
Q

T cell type that is involved in ‘cell mediated immune response’ and ‘delayed type IV hypersensitivity’

A
45
Q

Th1 secrets - ?

A
46
Q

T cell type that is involved in ‘humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity’

A
47
Q

T-cell type that is involved in type-1 hypersensitivity reaction

A
48
Q

Th 2 cell secrets - ?

A
49
Q

Subset of T-helper cells - that is related to IgE production

A

Immunology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions