Cyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review

Question 1

What are the life threatening cyanotic heart diseases ?

Answer 1

1. Persistant truncus arteriosus
2. Transposition of the great vessels.
3. Tetralogy of Fallot
4. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return.
5. Tricusped atresia

Question 2

How does Persistant truncus arteriosus occur?

Answer 2

It occurs when the aortico pulmonary septum does not form or forms incompletely. It is due to the failure of neural crest cells to properly migrate to the bulbus cordis. This leads to a single vessel that is connected to both ventricles instead of the normal aorta and pulmonary trunk. This leads to oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix leading to cynotic state.
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Question 3

How does Transposition of the great vessels occur ?

Answer 3

Failure of the spiralling of the aortico- pulmonary septum to spiral leads the aorta to connect to the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk to connect to the left ventricle known as transposition of the great vessels. In this condition the survival of the fetoues of

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