CVS Pharmacology 2: Antihypertensives-2.

Question 1

What is the SBP and DBP of pre-HTN stage?

Answer 1

SBP = 120-139.
DBP = 80-89.

Question 2

What is the SBP and DBP of stage 1 HTN?

Answer 2

SBP = 140-159.
DBP = 90-99.

Question 3

What is the SBP and DBP of stage 2 HTN?

Answer 3

SBP= >=160.
DBP= >=100.

Question 4

List the 9 major risk factors of HTN?

Answer 4

1- HTN.
2- smoking.
3 obesity.
4- physical inactivity.
5- dyslipidemia.
6- DM.
7- microalbuminuria.
8- age.
9- family history.

Question 5

List the 5 target organ damage of HTN?

Answer 5

1- heart disease: LVH, angina/MI, coronary revasc., HF.
2- stroke/TIA.
3- nephropathy.
4- periph. Artery Dz.
5- retinopathy.

Question 6

List the compelling indications of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 6

1- DM.
2- HF.
3- high CAD risk.
4- recurrent stroke prevention.

Question 7

Thiazides may have favorable effects on what?

Answer 7

Osteoporosis.

Question 8

Thiazides may have unfavorable effects on what?

Answer 8

1- DM (hyperglycemia at higher doses).
2- dyslipidemia (at high doses).
3- gout (> in men).
4- hyponatremia (>in women).

Question 9

Loop diuretics should be reserved for patients with which type of conditions?

Answer 9

Renal impairment.

Question 10

List the 4 contraindications of ACEI?

Answer 10

1- allergy.
2- pregnancy.
3- bilateral renal artery disease.
4- history of angioedema with ACEI.

Question 11

List the 2 precautions of ACEI?

Answer 11

1- hyperkalemia.
2- renal impairment.

Question 12

List the 6 side effects of ACEI?

Answer 12

1- cough.
2- rash.
3- loss of taste.
4 angioedema.
5- renal impairment.
6- hypotension.

Question 13

List the 5 compelling indications of ACEI?

Answer 13

1- DM.
2- HF.
3- post MI.
4- high risk CAD.
5- CKD.
6- recurrent stroke prevention.

Question 14

ACEI may have unfavorable effects on what?

Answer 14

Hyperkalemia.

Question 15

ACEI is contraindicated in what?

Answer 15

Pregnancy.

Question 16

List the 2 compelling indications of aldosterone antagonist?

Answer 16

1- HF.
2- post MI (w/ LV dysfunction).

Question 17

Aldosterone antagonist may have unfavorable effects on what?

Answer 17

Hyperkalemia.

Question 18

List the 3 compelling indications of ARB?

Answer 18

1- DM.
2- HF.
3- CKD.

Question 19

ARBs are contraindicated in what?

Answer 19

Pregnancy.

Question 20

List the contraindication of beta blockers?

Answer 20

2nd and 3rd degree heart block.

Question 21

List the 3 precautions of beta blockers?

Answer 21

1- asthma/COPD.
2- T1DM.
3- CHF.

Question 22

what do we need to monitor with beta blockers?

Answer 22

Blood pressure, heart rate, compliance, other adverse effects (i.e. fatigue).

Question 23

List the 4 compelling indications of beta blockers?

Answer 23

1- DM.
2- HF.
3- post MI.
4- high CAD risk.

Question 24

Beta blockers may have favorable effects on which 6 conditions?

Answer 24

1- atrial tachycardia.
2- a-fib.
3- essential tremor.
4- thyrotoxicosis.
5- migraine.
6- peri-operative hypertension.

Question 25

Beta blockers may have unfavorable effects on which 2 conditions?

Answer 25

1- asthma.
2- 2nd or 3rd degree heart block.

Question 26

Which drugs may have unfavorable effects on bronchospasm?

Answer 26

Beta blockers.

Question 27

Which drugs may have unfavorable effects on heart block ?

Answer 27

Beta blockers.

Question 28

Which drugs may have unfavorable effects on pregnancy?

Answer 28

ACEI, ARBs.

Question 29

Which drugs may have unfavorable effects on liver disease?

Answer 29

Labetalol, methyldopa.

Question 30

Which antihypertensives are given in pregnancy?

Answer 30

Labetalol.
Methyldopa.
Nefidipine.

Question 31

List the 2 compelling indications of CCB?

Answer 31

DM, high CAD risk.

Question 32

CCBs may have unfavorable effects on which 2 conditions?

Answer 32

Raynaud’s syndrome and certain arrhythmias.

Question 33

List the 2 compelling indications of aldosterone antagonists?

Answer 33

1- HF.
2- post MI (w/ LV dysfunction).

Question 34

Aldosterone antagonists may have unfavorable effects on which condition?

Answer 34

Hyperkalemia.

Question 35

Hypertension can lead to which 4 conditions?

Answer 35

1- MI.
2- stroke.
3- renal failure.
4- death.

Question 36

What is the initial therapy of non black persons?

Answer 36

1- ACEI.
2- ARB.
3- CCB.
4- thiazide-type diuretic.

Question 37

What is the initial therapy of black persons (including those with diabetes)?

Answer 37

1- CCB.
2- thiazide-type diuretics.

Question 38

What is the initial therapy of CKD (regardless of race or diabetes status)?

Answer 38

ACEI or ARB as initial or add-on antihypertensive therapy.