CVS Pharmacology 2: Antihypertensives-2. Flashcards
What is the SBP and DBP of pre-HTN stage?
SBP = 120-139.
DBP = 80-89.
What is the SBP and DBP of stage 1 HTN?
SBP = 140-159.
DBP = 90-99.
What is the SBP and DBP of stage 2 HTN?
SBP= >=160.
DBP= >=100.
List the 9 major risk factors of HTN?
1- HTN.
2- smoking.
3 obesity.
4- physical inactivity.
5- dyslipidemia.
6- DM.
7- microalbuminuria.
8- age.
9- family history.
List the 5 target organ damage of HTN?
1- heart disease: LVH, angina/MI, coronary revasc., HF.
2- stroke/TIA.
3- nephropathy.
4- periph. Artery Dz.
5- retinopathy.
List the compelling indications of thiazide diuretics?
1- DM.
2- HF.
3- high CAD risk.
4- recurrent stroke prevention.
Thiazides may have favorable effects on what?
Osteoporosis.
Thiazides may have unfavorable effects on what?
1- DM (hyperglycemia at higher doses).
2- dyslipidemia (at high doses).
3- gout (> in men).
4- hyponatremia (>in women).
Loop diuretics should be reserved for patients with which type of conditions?
Renal impairment.
List the 4 contraindications of ACEI?
1- allergy.
2- pregnancy.
3- bilateral renal artery disease.
4- history of angioedema with ACEI.
List the 2 precautions of ACEI?
1- hyperkalemia.
2- renal impairment.
List the 6 side effects of ACEI?
1- cough.
2- rash.
3- loss of taste.
4 angioedema.
5- renal impairment.
6- hypotension.
List the 5 compelling indications of ACEI?
1- DM.
2- HF.
3- post MI.
4- high risk CAD.
5- CKD.
6- recurrent stroke prevention.
ACEI may have unfavorable effects on what?
Hyperkalemia.
ACEI is contraindicated in what?
Pregnancy.
List the 2 compelling indications of aldosterone antagonist?
1- HF.
2- post MI (w/ LV dysfunction).
Aldosterone antagonist may have unfavorable effects on what?
Hyperkalemia.
List the 3 compelling indications of ARB?
1- DM.
2- HF.
3- CKD.
ARBs are contraindicated in what?
Pregnancy.
List the contraindication of beta blockers?
2nd and 3rd degree heart block.
List the 3 precautions of beta blockers?
1- asthma/COPD.
2- T1DM.
3- CHF.
what do we need to monitor with beta blockers?
Blood pressure, heart rate, compliance, other adverse effects (i.e. fatigue).
List the 4 compelling indications of beta blockers?
1- DM.
2- HF.
3- post MI.
4- high CAD risk.
Beta blockers may have favorable effects on which 6 conditions?
1- atrial tachycardia.
2- a-fib.
3- essential tremor.
4- thyrotoxicosis.
5- migraine.
6- peri-operative hypertension.
Beta blockers may have unfavorable effects on which 2 conditions?
1- asthma.
2- 2nd or 3rd degree heart block.
Which drugs may have unfavorable effects on bronchospasm?
Beta blockers.
Which drugs may have unfavorable effects on heart block ?
Beta blockers.
Which drugs may have unfavorable effects on pregnancy?
ACEI, ARBs.
Which drugs may have unfavorable effects on liver disease?
Labetalol, methyldopa.
Which antihypertensives are given in pregnancy?
Labetalol.
Methyldopa.
Nefidipine.
List the 2 compelling indications of CCB?
DM, high CAD risk.
CCBs may have unfavorable effects on which 2 conditions?
Raynaud’s syndrome and certain arrhythmias.
List the 2 compelling indications of aldosterone antagonists?
1- HF.
2- post MI (w/ LV dysfunction).
Aldosterone antagonists may have unfavorable effects on which condition?
Hyperkalemia.
Hypertension can lead to which 4 conditions?
1- MI.
2- stroke.
3- renal failure.
4- death.
What is the initial therapy of non black persons?
1- ACEI.
2- ARB.
3- CCB.
4- thiazide-type diuretic.
What is the initial therapy of black persons (including those with diabetes)?
1- CCB.
2- thiazide-type diuretics.
What is the initial therapy of CKD (regardless of race or diabetes status)?
ACEI or ARB as initial or add-on antihypertensive therapy.
