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Anatomy > CVS: Anatomy of the mediastinum > Flashcards

CVS: Anatomy of the mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the plane between the sternal angle and the T4/T5 vertebral interspace called?

A

the transverse thoracic plane

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2
Q

What is the space bounded by ribs 1, T1 vertebra and the jugular notch called?

A

The thoracic inlet

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3
Q

Which gland/lymphoid organ sits posterior to the sternal angle in children?
What does it do?
What happens to it after puberty?

A

The thymus
It produces T lymphocytes in childhood
After puberty it is replaced by adipose tissue

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4
Q

What is cancer of the thymus called?

A

Thymoma

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5
Q

Name a lymphatic vessel that runs in the posterior mediastinum

A

Thoracic duct

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6
Q

Which vein drains the posterior part of the intercostal spaces?

A

The azygous vein

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7
Q

Which level does the trachea bifurcate at?

A

The level of the sternal angle

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8
Q

Which part of the mediastinum does the thymus lie in?

A

The anterior mediastinum

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9
Q

Name the organs and structures in the middle mediastinum

A 
Pericardium
Heart
Superior part of IVC
Inferior part of SVC
Pulmonary trunk
Proximal part of pulmonary arteries
Distal part of pulmonary veins
Ascending aorta
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10
Q

Which part of the aorta lies in the posterior mediastinum?

A

The thoracic aorta

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11
Q

Is the trachea mainly in the superior or inferior mediastinum?

A

The superior mediastinum

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12
Q

What is the name of the space in the diaphragm through which the aorta passes?

A

The aortic hiatus

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13
Q

What are the bilateral branches from the thoracic aorta?

A

The posterior intercostal arteries

1 for each intercostal space

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14
Q

What are the branches from the thoracic aorta’s anterior surface?

A 
Bronchial arteries
Mediastinal arteries
Oesophageal arteries
Pericardial arteries
Phrenic arteries
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15
Q

What is another name for the hilar lymph nodes?

A

The bronchopulmonary lymph nodes

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16
Q

What is the name for the space in the diaphragm through which the oesophagus passes?

A

The oesophageal hiatus

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17
Q

What is the name of the swollen start of the thoracic duct in the abdomen?

A

cisterna chyli

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18
Q

What are the lymph nodes at the bifurcation of the trachea called?

A

Tracheobronchial lymph nodes

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19
Q

How does the right phrenic nerve pass through the diaphragm?

A

It passes through the diaphragm with the IVC to supply the diaphragm from the inferior aspect

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20
Q

How does the left phrenic nerve pass through the diaphragm?

A

It pierces through the left dome of the diaphragm to supply it from its inferior aspect

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21
Q

Name the remnant of the ductus arteriosus

A

Ligametum arteriosum

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22
Q

Are the phrenic nerves lateral or medial to the vagus nerves?

A

Lateral

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23
Q

Are the vagus nerves lateral or medial to the recurrent laryngeal nerves?

A

Lateral

24
Q

Are the brachiocephalic veins anterior or posterior to the SVC?

A

Anterior

25
Q

Is the SVC anterior or posterior to the arch of the aorta?

A

Anterior

26
Q

Is the trachea anterior or posterior the arch of the aorta?

A

Posterior

27
Q

Is the oesophagus anterior or posterior to the trachea?

A

Posterior

28
Q

Is the oesophagus anterior or posterior to the thoracic duct?

A

Anterior

29
Q

What is the distance from the right atrium to the sternal angle?

A

5cm

30
Q

Where do the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves come from?

A

They are branches of the left and right vagus nerves

31
Q

Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve go?

Does it enter the chest?

A

It hooks under the right subclavian artety

It does not enter the chest

32
Q

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve go?

Does it enter the chest?

A

It hooks under the arch of the aorta

It does enter the chest

33
Q

What form the phrenic nerves?

A

The anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves 3, 4 and 5

34
Q

What do the phrenic nerves supply?

A

Somatic motor to the diaphragm

Somatic sensory to:
The mediastinal parietal pleura
Fibrous pericardium
The diaphragmatic parietal pleura
Diaphragmatic parietal peritoneum
35
Q

Where are the vagus nerves from?

A

Cranial Nerve X

36
Q

What do the vagus nerves contain?

A

Somatic sensory nerves for the laryngopharynx and larynx

Somatic motor nerves for the pharynx and larynx

Autonomic parasympathetic nerves for the thoracic and abdominal organs

37
Q

Name the branches of the vagus nerve that supply the pharynx and larynx

A

The recurrent laryngeal nerves

38
Q

What do the vagus nerves contain once they have given off their recurrent laryngeal branches?

A

Only parasympathetic fibres

39
Q

Why can inflammation of the liver or gallbladder cause referred pain to the shoulder tip?

A

The inflammation irritates the parietal peritoneum lining the inferior surface of the diaphragm which is supplied by the phrenic nerve (C3,4,5)
The supraclavicular nerves (C3,4) supply the dermatomes over the tip of the shoulder and enter the spinal cord at the same level as the phrenic nerves
The brain refers the pain to the more superficial structure, i.e. the skin over the shoulder tip

40
Q

What is the superficial vein of the upper limb?

A

The cephalic vein

41
Q

What are the anterior intercostal arteries branches of?

A

The internal thoracic arteries

42
Q

What are the posterior intercostal arteries branches of?

A

The thoracic aorta

43
Q

Where do the anterior intercostal veins drain to?

A

The internal thoracic veins

44
Q

Where do the posterior intercostal veins drain to?

A

The azygous vein

45
Q

What arteries supply the palm?

A

The palmar arches

46
Q

Which arteries supply the digits?

A

The digital arteries

47
Q

What is the name of the main vein in the lower limb?

What is the name of the pump supplied by the skeletal muscle?

A

The great saphenous vein

The musculo-venous pump

48
Q

What is the site for auscultating bruits?

A

The birfurcation of the common carotid artery

49
Q

What muscle is the bifurcation of the common carotid artery anterior to?

A

the sternocleidomastoid muscle

50
Q

Where is the brachial pulse felt?

A

Medial to the biceps tendon in the popliteal fossa

51
Q

Which tendon is the pulse of the radial artery lateral to?

A

Tendon of the flexor carpi radialis

52
Q

Where is the pulse in the femoral artery felt?

A

Inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament

53
Q

Which tendon is the pulse of the dorsalis pedis artery felt medial to?

A

The tendon of the extensor hallucis longis

54
Q

Which artery is a cardiac pacing wire inserted into under US guidance?

A

The subclavian artery

55
Q

Where is a central line inserted under US guidance?

A

The internal jugular vein or femoral vein

Anatomy (6 decks)

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