CVS Anatomy Flashcards
purpose of the cardiovascular system
- delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues
- equalises temperature in the body
purpose of veins, arteries, and the two exceptions
PV and PA
veins - carry blood to the heart
artery - carry blood away from the heart
Exception
pulmonary artery - carry deoxygenated blood to lungs
pulmonary vein - carry oxygenated blood to the heart
where is the heart located
inferior mediastinum, specifically the middle mediastinum
what does the inferior mediastinum consist of
anterior mediastinum
middle mediastinum
posterior mediastinum
heart
descending aorta
what lines the heart, from most external to internal
fibrous pericardium
parietal layer of serous pericardium
pericardial cavity
visceral layer of serous pericardium (Epicardium)
what 4 ligaments keep the heart in place
vertebropericardial ligament
sternopericardial ligament
superior sternopericardial ligament
phrenicopericardial ligament
what is pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade
what is the solution to CT?
PE - excess fluid within the pericardial cavity
CT - rapidly developing PE
solution
pericardiocentesis
3 borders of the heart, and what makes up each border
right border - right atrium
left border - left atrium, part of left ventricle
inferior border - mostly right ventricle, 1/3 left ventricle, apex
sternocostal (anterior) surface of heart
Diaphragmatic (inferior) surface of heart
Posterior surface of heart
what chambers make up all of these surfaces
where is the coronary sinus located
sternocostal - right atrium, right ventricle, abit of left ventricle
diaphragmatic - left atrium, left ventricle, abit of right ventricle
posterior - left and right atrium, coronary sinus
coronary sinus located below the left atrium
opening to transport blood from right to left atrium in fetal development
fossa ovalis
what separates the smooth and rough surface within the heart
crista terminalis
major blood vessels of the heart and their functions
aorta - carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body from the left ventricle
superior and inferior vena cava - takes in deoxygenated blood from the head and neck, and the rest of the body respectively into the right atrium
pulmonary trunk - deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs
ALL THE VALVES SAY NOW
Aortic valves - left ventricle to aorta
Pulmonary valves - right ventricle to pulmonary trunk
tricuspid valves - right atrium to ventricle
bicuspid/mitral valves - left atrium to ventricle
what two features help close and open the valves
how so?
chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
chordae tendineae attach muscles to the valves
papillary muscles pull the CT
what causes the first and second heart sounds
closure of tricuspid/bicuspid valves
closure of aortic/pulmonary valves
