CVS Flashcards
What are erythematous nodular lesions?
Reddish, tender, painful lumps found on palms and sole of some patients with infective endocarditis.
Where are erythematous nodular lesions commonly found?
Palms and soles of some patients with infective endocarditis.
Distinguish between Olser nodes and Janeway lesions?
Osler nodes are painful.
Janeway lesions are non-tender.
Describe splinter haemorrhages?
Associated with infective endocarditis.
Inflammatory changes in small BV, best seen under nails.
Happens systemically.
Describe capillary refill time?
If it takes longer than 2 seconds suggests hypoperfusion.
What may palpating both radial arteries together tell you?
Pulse should occur simultaneously.
A delay may indicate stenosis (narrowing) of aorta as it arches away from heart.
How would you check a collapsing pulse?
Locate radial pulse, palpate it.
Raise arm above patients head.
In a collapsing pulse, first few pulsations will feel much stronger.
What may cause a collapsing pulse?
Aortic valve regurgitation
Describe the radio-femoral delay?
Palpate left radial artery and at the same time the left femoral artery.
Pulse should occur simultaneously.
If there is a delay this may indicate stenosis (narrowing) or aorta as it descends away from heart.
What may cause the radio-femoral delay?
Congenital heart condition known as coarctation of the aorta.
Aortic dissection.
What is central cyanosis?
Bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes,
- caused by deoxygenation
What is Xanthelasma?
Demarcated yellowish deposits of fat underneath skin.
- on top or around orbit of eye
What may Xanthelasma indicate?
High blood levels of cholesterol.
can be hereditary
What is Arcus Senilis?
White grey blue opaque ring in corneal margin.
can appear as a result of hypercholesterolemia.
Describe dental caries?
Rotten teeth.
Poor dental hygine,
Risk of bacteria entering blood stream which may lead to infective endocarditis.
