CVS

Question 1

Explain a new diagnosis of high blood pressure and starting medication

Answer 1

What is it?
Condition that affects the blood vessels. It occurs when blood travels too fast throughout our vessels which causes damage to the lining of the vessel.
Over time this can cause future complications such as heart attack or stroke

Question 2

Explain how to use GTN to a patient with angina (3 things)

Answer 2

GTN spray is used for immediate relief of an angina episode or before activities

1. 1-2 sprays under your tongue when pain develops or prior to a precipitating event
2. A second spray can be taken after 5 minutes if the pain is not eased
3. CALL AMBULANCE if the pain is not eased 5 minutes after the second dose or EARLIER if the pain is getting worse

Question 3

Discuss discharge home with a patient who has been in hospital with a myocardial infarction

Question 4

Explain a new diagnosis of AF and assessing for and discussing DOAC treatment

Answer 4

What is Atrial fibrillation?

This is a condition that
causes an irregular and often fast heart rate. So the heart often does not beat at a steady rhythm which can sometimes cause sx

Discussing DOAC:

1. A DOAC is a medication known as an anticoagulant which essentially thins the blood.

This medication is often given to people who have an increased risk of developing blood clots

Question 5

Explain a new diagnosis of hypercholesterolaemia and starting medication

Answer 5

Intro:
- ill ask some questions about your medical history then we can discuss results and management. is that ok?

-PMH, FH, SH,DH +allergies

What is it?
High cholesterol is the build up of fat in the arteries
Explanation:
Everyone has Cholesterol – however, the reason we take high cholesterol so seriously is because too much of the “bad type” can cause an increased risk of cvd and stroke.

Management:
Atorvastatin OD at night

SE:

• GI upset
• muscle weakness (return)

Question 6

Explain a new diagnosis of chronic arterial insufficiency in a patient with intermittent claudication

Question 7

Explain the treatment for a DVT to a patient in AMU

Answer 7

What is a DVT?
Deep vein thrombosis. This is essentially a blood clot in the vein Usually in the leg.

The reason we treat these blood clots is because if the clot was to dislodge into the blood stream, it can lodge into the lungs which puts you at risk of developing a PE which can be fatal if untreated.

Treatment:
These are treated with something called a DOAC which is essentially a blood thinning medication which ultimately prevents the blood from clotting
1. RIVOROX…. for 5/7 then LMWH for 5/7

Question 8

Explaining to a patient and referring for acute limb ischaemia

Question 9

What should you do if you miss a dose of your DOAC? (For both if they take it once or twice daily)

Answer 9

IF THEY TAKE IT ONCE DAILY:
Take the missed dose within 12 hours DO NOT take 2 doses in one day! if its been longer than 12 hours then do not take the missed dose and continue as normal

IF THEY TAKE IT TWICE DAILY:
Take the missed dose within 6 hours DO NOT take 2 doses in one day! - if its been longer than 6 hours then do not take the missed dose and continue as normal

Question 10

What advice would you give a patient taking Rivaroxaban?

Answer 10

IT MUST BE TAKEN WITH FOOD TO MAXIMISE ABSORPTION

Question 11

When should a patient on a DOAC seek medical attention? (6 THINGS)

Answer 11

1. Black stools
2. coughing/ vomiting blood
3. bloody urine
4. Nose bleeds lasting >5-10 mins
5. Spontaneous or severe bruising
6. If involved in a traumatic event (IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION)

Question 12

Contraindications for DOAC? (4 things)

Answer 12

1. Active bleeding
2. Severe liver disease
3. Haemorrhagic stroke
4. Peptic ulcer

Question 12

Contraindications for DOAC? (4 things)

Answer 12

1. Active bleeding
2. Severe liver disease
3. Haemorrhagic stroke
4. Peptic ulcer