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Pharmacology > CVS > Flashcards

CVS Flashcards

1
Q

Ischaemic heart disease AKA

A

Coronary artery disease

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2
Q

Leading cause of death in western countries:

A

Ischaemic heart disease

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3
Q

Risk factors for CVD:

A
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes
  • Smoking
  • Weight loss
  • Exercise
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4
Q

Angina symptoms may be triggered by:

A
  • Cold
  • Exercise
  • Worry
  • Anger
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5
Q

Chronic management of angina is via:

A

CCBs and beta blockers to reduce work and vasodilate vessels

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6
Q

Dose for GTN for acute angina attck:

A

0.4mg sublingual spray, up to 3 doses

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7
Q

How does GTN work?

A

Causes the release of Nitrix Oxide which causes vasodilation including the coronary arteries

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8
Q

5 side effects of GTN

A
  • Hypotension
  • Dizziness
  • Headache
  • Flushing
  • Reflex tachycardia
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9
Q

Clinical to do list for angina attack:

A
  • Reduce stress
  • GTN
  • Oxygen
  • Be careful prescribing exercise
  • Be aware of adrenaline in LA
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10
Q

2 examples of 2nd gen (selective) betablockers

A
  • Atenolol
  • Metoprolol
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11
Q

Beta blockers are used for what three CV conditions:

A
  • Angina
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypertension (not first line)
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12
Q

2 examples of cardiac CCBs:

A
  • Verapamil
  • Diltiazem
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13
Q

What are CCBs used for:

A
  • Angina
  • Hypertension (not usually first line)
  • Tachycardia and arrythmias
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14
Q

CCBs and Beta blockers shouldn’t be used together. Why?

A

Can cause cardiac depression.

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15
Q

Definition of hypertension:

A

Consistent reading over 140 systolic or 90 diastolic

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16
Q

Why is controlling BP important

A

Damage to important organs esp those with small vessels eg eye, brain, kidney. Also major risk factor for CVS diseases.

17
Q

What proportion of patients with gum disease develop hypertension?

18
Q

Why is gum disease assoiated with HTN?

A

Plaques end up in the blood stream and build up in vessels

19
Q

Aim of diuretics for hypertension:

A

Reduce blood volume eg Thiazide

20
Q

Aim of CCBs in HTN

A

Vasodilation and reduce HR/CO

21
Q

Aim of RAAS modulators of HTN (ACE Inh and ARBs)

A

Reduce blood volume and vasodilate

22
Q

First instance tx for HTN:

A

Green script

  • REgular daily exercise
  • Reduce weight
  • Salt restrictions
  • Smoking
  • REduce alcohol intake
  • Control diabetes
  • Reduce stress
  • Increase sleep
23
Q

What HTN drug can cause gingival hyperplasia?

Name 3 examples

A

CCBs eg

  • Nifedipine
  • Verapamil
  • Diltiazem
24
Q

What is ‘low dose’ aspirin

A

75-150mg per day

prophylactic

25
Q

What is INR for

  • Normal individuals
  • Therapeutic range for people at risk:
A
  • Normal is 1
  • Therapeutic range 2.0-4.5
  • Anywhere above this is a hemorrhage risk

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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