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Pharmacology > Common medications used in Dentistry > Flashcards

Common medications used in Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 indications for prophy AB as prescribed by the heart foundation

A
  1. Prosthetic heart valve
  2. Rheumatic valvular disease
  3. Previous endocarditis
  4. Unrepaired congenital heart defect
  5. Surgical or catheter repair within last 6 months
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2
Q

What is prescribed for prophylactic antibiotics? And what is used if there is an allergy

A

Amoxicillin 2g 1 hour prior

OR

Clindamycin 600mg 1 hours prior

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3
Q

Mechanisms of Penicillins:

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of Metranidazole

A

Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis or activity

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5
Q

Condraindication for metranidazole-

A

Warfarin

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6
Q

What antibiotic needs alcohol avoidance

A

Metronidazole

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7
Q

What is the side effect of Clindamycin?

A

Pseudomembranous Colitis (C Difficile infection)

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of Clindamycin?

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis (Licosamide)

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9
Q

Tx for RAS

A

2% Minocycline mouthwash

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10
Q

Tx for acute sinusitis:

A

Doxycycline

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11
Q

What is the mechanisms of Amphotericin, Nystatin AND azoles-

A

Disrupt fungal cell membrane

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12
Q

Side effect of Amphetericin B lozenges

A

Gastritis

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13
Q

Azole drug interactions (4)

A
  1. Erythromycin
  2. Clopidogrel
  3. Warfarin
  4. Statin
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14
Q

Paracetamol adult dose:

A
  • 500mg-1000mg every 4-6 hours, max 4000mg daily
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15
Q

Ibuprofen adult dose:

A
  • 600mg every 4-6 hours, max 2400mg daily
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16
Q

What is the rule of 2 for steroids

A

More than 20mg prednisone (or stronger) for more than 2 weeks, within 2 years.

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17
Q

What is the prophylactic dose of amoxycillin for children?

A

50mg per kg, up to 2g

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18
Q

What is the prophylactic dose of Clindamycin

A

600mg

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19
Q

A child present with an unrepaired palliative shunt, weighing 20kg, and requires exo. What first line procedure do you follow:

a) No prophylaxis required
b) Give 2g amoxicillin PO 1 hour prior to the procedure
c) Take only surgical dose of paracetamol 600mg 1 hour before procedure
d) Give 1g amoxillin PO 1 hour before the procedure
e) Give 300mg Clindamycin PO 1 hour before procedure

A

d) Give 1g amoxicillin PO 1 hour before procedure

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20
Q

A 20 year old diabetic male comes into your surgery for his first root canal. You sit him up after giving him LA and he is unconscious. What do you do?

a) Lie him supine and wait for him to recover
b) Ring his mum and ask her to take him home
c) Start giving CPR at 30 compressions to 2 breaths
d) Check vital signs and give 1mg IM glucagon
e) Give 100USP units of insulin and call an ambulance

A

d) Vital signs and 1mg glucagon

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21
Q

A known asthmatic patient (age 35) starts to become short of breath in your chair. What do you do?

A

Give them 2x puffs of the beta 2 agonist inhaler at 10 minute intervals up to 3 times

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22
Q

A patient on warfain comes to your private dental practice for a tooth extraction. What is the highest acceptable INR value for them to undergo this procedure?

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5

A

c) 3

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23
Q

One GTN spray is:

a) Glycerol Trinitrate 400 micrograms
b) Glucagon Trinitrate 400micrograms
c) Glyceral trinitrate 40 micrograms
d) Glycaemic thermonitrate 40 micrograms

A

a) Glyceryl trinitrate 400 micrograms

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24
Q

What do the guidelines say you should give as an aspirin dose for suspected MI

A

300mg

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25
Q

Anaphylactic shock is what type of hypersensitivity reaction

A

Type I

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26
Q

A patient comes into your prviate dental practice for urgent tooth exo. Last year they were taking systemic prednisone for severe asthma, but has since reduced in severity. Which of the following is an indication for operative steroid cover?

a) This would never be required in this case
d) Dose was 10mg a day and she was on it for 10 days
c) Dose was 20mg a day and she was on it for 3 weeks
d) patient also presents with common cold

A

c)

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27
Q

Aclasta/Zolendronate

A
  • Bisphoshonate.
  • Osteoporosis or Pagets Disease
  • BRONJ risk
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28
Q

Allendronate

A
  • Bisphosphonate
  • Osteoporosis, Pagets Disease
  • BRONJ risk
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29
Q

Allopurinol

A
  • Inhibits uric acid production
  • Gout prevention, renal stones
    *
30
Q

Amitryptiline

A
  • Tri-cyclic Antidepressant
  • Depression, sometimes migraine prophylaxis
  • Dental considerations: Can mask tooth pain, dry mouth, taste disturbances
    *
31
Q

Aspirin

A
  • CVD prevention, mild to moderate pain, pyrexia
  • Dental considerations - caution in asthma or old
32
Q

Atorvastatin

A
  • Inhibit cholesterol synthesis in liver
  • Prevention of CVD events, tx of hypercholesteraemia
    *
33
Q

Bisoprolol

A
  • Selective Beta Blocker
  • Indicated for chronic heart failure, angina, HTN
34
Q

Breo

A
  • AKA fluticasone or vilanterol
  • Corticosteroid
  • Asthma prophylaxis, COPD
  • Dental considerations: dry mouth, steroid induced stomatitis, increase caries risk
35
Q

Candesartan

A
  • ARB
  • Prevents vasoconstriction in smooth muscle to decrease BP
  • Promotes renal excretion of sodium and water, reducing BP
  • Indications: HTN
36
Q

Cefaclor

A
  • Beta lactam cephalosporin
  • Prevents cell wall synthesis
  • Indications: Infections due to sensitive gram + bacteria and gram -
  • Contra-indicated for penicillin allergy
37
Q

Cholecalciferol

A
  • Vitamin D
  • Promotes normal bone mineralisation by increasing calcium and phosphate absorption
  • Indications: Prevention and Tx of vitamin D deficiency
38
Q

Cilazapril

A
  • ACE inhibitor
  • Prevents vasoconstriction and promotes renal excretion to reduce BP
  • Indications: HTN and Heart fialure
  • Dental considerations: PErsisitent cough, hypotension
39
Q

What is the max blood pressure you would consider an exo

A

180 systolic

40
Q

Citalopram

A
  • SSRI
  • Indications: Depression
  • Dental considerations: Dry mouth, taste disturbances, anxiety, dysphagia
41
Q

Clopidogrel

A
  • AKA Plavix
  • Antiplatelet
  • Indications: TIA, Stroke, Prevention of symptomatic atherosclerosis
  • Dental considerations: Increased bleeding risk. Take 1 tooth out at a time.
42
Q

Dabigatran

A
  • AKA Pradaxa
  • Anti-coagulant
  • Indications: Prophy for stroke, embolism, recurrent DVT
  • Dental considerations: Increase bleeding risk. INR unreliable. More local haemostatic procedures required
43
Q

Denosumab

A
  • Human monoclonal antibody
  • Prevents osteoclast activation and decreases bone resorption and increases bone mass
  • Indications: Osteoporosis, prevention of skeletal events
  • Dental considerations: MRONJ, consider AB cover
44
Q

Diclofenac/Voltaren

A
  • Reduce prostaglandin production by inhibiting COX
  • Indications: Pain and inflammation from osteoarthritis, mild to moderate pain
45
Q

Esciptalopram

A
  • SSRI
  • Indications: Depression, OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety
  • Adverse effects: Dry mouth, taste disturbances, anxiety, dysphagia
46
Q

Felodipine

A
  • CCB
  • Vasodilates the coronary arteries to decrease resistance and lower BP
  • Indications: HTN, prophylaxis of angina
  • Dental considerations: check BP, gingival hyperplasia
47
Q

Flecainide

A
  • Anti-arrythmia drug
  • Indications: AV nodal reciprocating tachcardia
  • Dental considerations: Check if they are taking anti-platelet too as they are commonly prescribed together
48
Q

Flixatide

A
  • Corticosteroid
  • AKA Fluticasone
  • Decreases airway inflammation
  • Indications: Prophy for asthma, allergic rhinitis
  • Dental considerations: Dry mouth, steroid induced stomatitis, increased caries risk
49
Q

Fluoxetine

A
  • SSRI
  • Indications: Depression, OCD, Panic disorder
  • Dental Considerations: Dry mouth, taste disturbances, possible erosion
50
Q

Fluoxetine

A
  • SSRI
  • Indications: Depression, OCD, Panic Disorder
  • Dental Considerations: Dry mouth, taste disturbances, possible erosion
51
Q

Fosamax

A
  • Bisphosphonate
  • Indications: Osteoporosis, Pagets disease
  • Dental implications: BRONJ
    *
52
Q

Gabapentin

A
  • Anti-epileptic
  • Indications: Seizures, Neuropathic pain
    *
53
Q

Gliclazide

A
  • Sulfonylureas
  • Increases insulin secretion
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Used when metformin doesn’t work
  • Dental considerations: Wound healing?
54
Q

Humalog

A
  • Short acting insulin
  • Indications: Diabetes
  • Dental implications: Check not confused with Humira
55
Q

Humira

A
  • AKA Adalimumab
  • Cytokine modulator
  • Recombinant human monoclonal antibody
  • Indications: Post TB, rheumatoid arthritis, crohns, psoriasis and more
    *
56
Q

Lithium

A

Indications: Prophylaxis of mania, depression in bipolar disorder, dpression

Dental considerations: Dry mouth, hyperplasia

57
Q

Metformin

A
  • Decreases gluconeogenesis
  • Indications: Type II diabetes, gestational diabetes
  • Dental considerations: Ensure controleld - wound healing
58
Q

Methadone

A
  • Opioid agonist
  • Indications: Moderate to severe pain, adjunct tx of opioid dependence
  • Dental considerations: dry mouth
59
Q

Methotrexate

A
  • Anti-metabolite (chemo drug - immunosuppression)
  • Indications: Neoplasia, autoimmune diseases
  • Dental considerations, higher risk of infection, pain relief needed before exo, MRONJ
60
Q

Metronidazole

A
  • Indications: Anaerobic infections
  • Dental considerations: Used to treat ANUG, abscess, swelling, perio
61
Q

Naproxen

A
  • Nsaid
  • COX Inhibitor
  • Indications: pain and inflammation from osteoarthritis, mild to moderate pain, TMJ
  • Works well in area with low vascularisation
62
Q

Nefopam

A
  • Non-opioid analgesic
  • Indications: Acute pain
63
Q

Paroxetine

A
  • SSRI
  • Indications: Depression, OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder
  • Dental considerations: Dry mouth, taste disturbances, possible erosion
64
Q

Quetiapine

A
  • Anti-psychotic
  • Dopamine antagonist
  • Indications: Schizophrenia, other psychoses, mania
65
Q

Sertraline

A
  • SSRI
  • Indications: Depression, OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety
  • Dental considerations: Dry mouth, taste disturbances, anxiety, dysphagia
66
Q

Sotalol

A
  • NON selective beta blocker
  • Indications: Life threatening arrhythimias, tachyarrythmias
67
Q

Venlafaxine

A
  • Seratonin and Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor
  • Indications: Major depression, anxiety disorders
  • Dental considerations: HTN, dry mouth, sensory disturbances, bruxism
68
Q

Ventolin

A
  • AKA salbutamol
  • SABA
  • Indications: Asthma, COPD
  • Dental considerations: Dry mouth, steroid induced stomatitis, increased caries risk
69
Q

Warfarin

A
  • PRevention of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, MI, etc
  • Dental implications: Surgery strictly contraindicated in patients with INR over 4
70
Q

Zolendronate

A
  • Bisphosphonate
  • Indications: Osteoporosis, pagets disease
  • Dental implcations: BRONJ
    *
71
Q

Zopiclone

A
  • Hypnotic
  • Indications: Insomnia

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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