CVP tracing Flashcards
What does the a wave mean?
Right atrial contraction
What does the c wave mean?
Bulging of the tricuspid valve
What does the x descent mean?
Atrial relaxation
What does v wave rise mean?
Rise in atrial pressure before tricuspid valve opens
What does y descent mean?
Right atrial emptying into right ventricles
What does CVP provide?
Info about preload, can be a marker of LV preload if there is no cardiopulm. disease
What can a PA catheter measure?
CO, SvO2, PA and Right atrial pressure
What can be calculated from a PA Cather?
SVR, PVR, SV
What is used as an estimate of LV EDP?
PAOP (pulmonary artery occlusive pressure)
What are the indications for a PA catheter?
MI, valvular disease, massive trauma, major vascular surgery, ARDS, LVF
How does an echo work?
Uses a piezoelectric crystal to emit US waves that penetrate tissue and then bounce back to the crystal to give info about velocity, distance, and density.
What are the category 1 indications for echocardiography?
Valvular disease, congenital heart surgery, HOCM, TAA/AAA, pericardial window procedures, unstable patients, thromboembolic disease
What are the signs of light anesthesia?
SNS responses: high HR, grimace, sweating, tearing, high BP
What is the bispectral index?
Selected EEG waves that are reduced to a number
What do somatosensory evoked potentials monitor?
The integrity of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord
How do you perform SSEPs?
Put electrodes by median or ulnar nerves of the arms and posterior tibial nerves of the legs
What do motor evoked potentials monitor?
Corticospinal tracts
How do you perform MEPs?
Put electrode on scalp and the recording electrode on the contracting muscle.
What are the standards for basic anesthetic monitoring?
- The anesthesiologist shall be present in the room the whole time
- The patients oxygenation, ventilation, circulation, and temperature are continually evaluated
How do you monitor the patient’s oxygenation?
Pulse oximeter
How does a pulse ox work?
Illuminates tissue with 2 wavelengths of light, the plethysmography is used to differentiate the pulsatile arterial waveform from background tissue. Oxygen diffuses through a polymeric membrane and reacts with water to form hydroxide which produces a current change proportional to the amount of oxygen molecules present.
What 2 things dose a pulse ox rely on?
Color of the arterial flow and pulsatile flow
How do you monitor ventilation?
ETCO2
How do you monitor circulation?
Pulse, BP, ECG
