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HEALTH EXAM > CVD, Hypertension & Diabetes > Flashcards

CVD, Hypertension & Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

4 Major Chronic Disorders

A
  • heart disease
  • stroke
    -hypertension
    -diabetes (1 & 2)
    All..
  • involve circulatory and/or metabolic system
  • May be co-morbid disorders (diabetes + obesity)
  • have modifiable risk actors
  • are non-communicable diseases
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2
Q

Coronary Heart Disease

A

2 cause of death in Canada

  • 1/5 of all deaths
  • Rates in men have stabilized, rates in women have increased
  • You can have it and live but you need to monitor it
  • Mostly premature (before 75)
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3
Q

Atherosclerosis

A
  • Narrowing of the coronary arteries, build a layer of plaque over time
  • Narrowing can cause a blood clot, lowers blood supply to the heart
  • Shortages cause angina
  • Severe deprivation causes heart attack
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4
Q

CHD/CRP

A
  • CRP is a strong biomarker for CHD (produced in liver and released in blood stream)
  • Is it IL6 that causes CHD or CHD that is causing IL6
  • Weight gain and low physical activity cause CRP
    Other risks:
  • Diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, smoking, high cholesterol, low physical activity
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5
Q

Metabolic Syndrome * know this

A

When someone has 3+ of the following:

  • obesity around waist
  • high blood pressure
  • low level of HDL
  • high level of triglycerides
  • pre-diabetic

There is also a genetic link, worse if you have lower SES

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6
Q

Stress and CHD

A

Cardiovascular reactivity: damages endothelial cells, causes deposit of lipids, increases inflammation.

  • Acute stress can cause anger –> anger, emotional distress, extreme excitement, neg emotions
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7
Q

CHD More common if

A
  • Low SES
    Linked with.
  • Low physical activity, smoking, high cholesterol, overweight
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8
Q

Food Consumption

A

Large serving size, constant access to food
Social Context
Stress - sometimes people eat less sometimes people eat more

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9
Q

Women and CHD

A
  • Leading cause of death for women
  • Less known about it (research previously on men)
  • Occurs later in life and recovery is worse for women
  • Misdiagnosis
  • Hormone Replacement therapy- menopause. No more estrogen in body
  • CHD increases after menopause
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10
Q

Risk Factors for Men and Women

A
  • Negative attitude (pessimism)
  • Anger and Metabolic syndrome -> atherosclerosis
  • Depression risk factor for metabolic syndrome
  • Job stress
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11
Q

Cardiovascular Reactivity, Hostility:

A
  • potential risk for CHD
  • potential trigger for heart attack/angina

Cynical Hostility (know this): Most consequences and most dramatic. Suspiciousness and distrust of others. This lingers and tends not to go away

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12
Q

Vasorestriction

A
  • Caused by stress
  • Increases heart rate and increased pressure through constricted blood vessels
  • Garden hose example
  • Eventually plaque forms
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13
Q

Depression & CHD

A
  • Not direct but increasing the things that are the contributing factors
    Ex. Depressed so you’re not eating right, you’re not exercising.
  • Depression is linked to inflammation
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14
Q

Delay of HD

A

Reasons of delay:

  • denial
  • interpret as mild symptoms
  • self-treatment

Daytime attack OR presence of family member increases delay- scary at night, feel more comfortable.

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15
Q

Management of HD

A
  • Pharamcoptherapy:a spirit, Beta Blocking Agents
  • Promote psychological and social adjustment- education, and life style modification-
  • Diet & activity- stop smoking & start exercising.
  • Stress management
  • Depression- improve QOL
  • social support- spouse/family significantly improves recopy.
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16
Q

Cardiac Invalidism * important

A
  • Spouse sees abilities as lower than they are

- Not letting spouse do anything

17
Q

Initial Treatment of HD

A

CABG- take artery from somewhere else

  • hospitalization with monitoring
  • Assessment of anxiety and depression
  • home care with rehabilitation

Cardiac Rehabilitation- education, life style, relief of symptoms, reduce severity of disease and limit progression

18
Q

Hypertension (High blood pressure)

A 
- When supply of blood through vessels is high - pressure on arterial walls 
Mild: 140-159
Moderate 160-179
Severe -180 
Systolic- contraction 
Diastolic- relaxed
19
Q

Causes of Hypertension

A

95 % we caused it
5% - kidneys unable to regulate bp - genetic link, >50 men, Low SES, high sodium, chronic stress, emotional factors (Anger, hostility)

20
Q

Treatment of hypertension

A
  • Low sodium diet
  • reduce alcohol intake
  • weight reduction
  • reduce caffeine intake
  • CBT
  • Anger management
  • Dieuretics (reduce blood volume)
  • Beta blockers
  • Many people are unaware they have hypertension, and not following what they’re supposed to do
21
Q

Stroke

A
  • 3rd leading cause of death
  • Disturbance of blood flow to the brain
  • Ischemic Stroke- localized area of brain
    Cerebral Hemorrhage- bleeding
    High recurrence rates
    15% of people die, only 10% recover completely
22
Q

Warning Signs of Stroke

A
  • Weakness
  • Trouble speaking
  • Vision problems
  • headache
  • dizziness
  • Daily aspirin is very effective
23
Q

Consequences of Stroke

A

71% require assistance with daily life following stroke

  • Motor Deficits
  • Cognitive problems
  • Emotional problems
24
Q

What is Diabetes?

A
  • Chronic condition of insufficient secretion (not enough) of insulin OR insulin resistance (body isn’t breaking it down properly)
25
Q

Type 1 Diabetes

A
  • insufficient secretion of insulin
  • Develops earlier in life
  • Accounts for 10%
  • Your own immune system is attacking itself
26
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A
  • Insulin resistance
  • Preventable
  • Develops later in life
  • Related to obesity and diet
  • More common in men & SES factors
27
Q

Health Implications of Diabetes

A
  • thickening of arteries –> CHD
  • Shorter life expectancy
  • depression
  • sexual dysfunction
  • Diabetes 2-4x more likely to have a stroke or heart attack
28
Q

Deadly Quartet * Know this

A
  • If you have all these things its really bad
    1. Interabdominal body fat
    2. Hypertension
    3. Elevated Lipids
    4. Diabetes

HEALTH EXAM (6 decks)

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