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HEALTH EXAM > Chronic & Terminal Illness > Flashcards

Chronic & Terminal Illness Flashcards

1
Q

Factors Determining Chronic Illness

A

Genetics
Environmental (asthma, cancer)
Lifestyle- drinking, exercise, unprotected sex
* Most common is lower back pain and osteoporosis of the knees

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2
Q

Prevalence and Impact of Chronic Illness

A

2/3 of Canadas health spending
More common in:
- women, lower-income, seniors, specific subpopulations (aboriginal people)

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3
Q

Quality of Life

A

-Different from standard of living- ex. could be living in a country with high standard of living but have a low QoL OR high QoL in afganistan
- Impacted by severity of chronic illness
> Chronic illness

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4
Q

Components of QoL * know this

A
  • Physical Functioning (how well does your body work)
  • Psychological Status ( how well does your brain work)
    Social Functioning (presence of friends + family)
    Disease vs Treatment Related Symptoms- Chronic Migraines or something that appears once a year
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5
Q

Evaluating QoL

A
  • Fluctuating characteristics
  • Population Norms- comparison between countries
  • Acute changes (progression, flare ups)
  • Age related changes (elderly vs 35)
  • Culture- how people experience common illness (do they talk about it )
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6
Q

Why study QoL

A
  • Documentation (have things got better or worse)
  • Trends
  • Impact of treatment
  • Comparing effectiveness between treatments
  • Decision and policy makers- should we keep reinforcing and paying for this drug

Considering: Multiple chronic conditions and QoL

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7
Q

Emotions and Chronic Illness

A
  • Denial - may interfere with treatment
  • Anxiety - you now think everything is linked to disease- hypervigilent.
  • Depression
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8
Q

The Self

A

Self Concept: what you think of yourself
Broken down into..
- Physical Self = linked to low self esteem, body image.
- Achieving Self
- Social Self = social interaction helps
- Private Self = increased dependence of others, loss of unrealized dream

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9
Q

Coping with Chronic Illness

A

Avoidant Coping: deny and avoid it.
Active Coping: Yes I have this disease and I’m going to make the best out of it.
Social support = positive
Multiple coping strategies is best

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10
Q

Physical Rehabilitation Goals

A
  • Different for youth vs elderly
  • Treatment - stretching
  • Learning how to adapt in new environment
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11
Q

Psychological Interventions

A
  • Individual Therapy (episodic vs continuous, your family being there rooting for you)
  • Patient education
  • Relaxation, MBSR (yoga)
  • Social support interventions (support group)
  • Family support
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12
Q

Death Across Our Life Span

A
  • Average life is 81 years

- Low rates of death from infectious disease

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13
Q

Infant Mortality

A

High- 5.1 per 100
Factors contributing: location and low SES
- SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)
- accidents, cancer

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14
Q

Death in Middle Age

A
  • more realistic and fearful
  • Premature death is before 79
  • Sudden > Prolonged
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15
Q

Death in Old Age

A
  • Dying mostly of degenerative diseases
  • Women tend to live longer than men
  • Men dont do well with widowhood

Hope for Good Death:

  • free of suffering
  • Pain management
  • Clear decision making-DNR
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16
Q

Euthanasia

A
  • Ending life of a person who is suffering from a painful and terminal illness
    Request when..
  • distress and fatigued
  • pain + suffering
  • Burden to their family
  • A lot of physicians won’t do this because of doctors oath.
  • Called MAID in Canada (2016)
17
Q

MAID

A

Medical Assistance in Dying (2 types)

1st: Doctor or nurse give you something to kill you
2nd: Prescribe you something for you to take yourself
- Two independent HCP need to evaluate if someone qualifies

18
Q

Criteria for MAID

A
  • eligible for government funded health insurance
  • Over 18
  • Are not being externally pressured
  • Give informed consent
    GRIEVOUS AND IRREMEDIABLE:
  • serious & incurable illness, disease or disability
    -Advanced and irreversible decline
  • Physical and psychological suffering is intolerable
  • Natural death is reasonably foreseeable
19
Q

Living Wills-DNR

A
  • directives that extraordinary measures would not be taken

- Many physicians disregard are are unaware of DNR

20
Q

Kubler Ross’s 5 stage theory

A
  • Denial- being optimistic
  • Anger-why me
  • Bargaining- trading in good behaviour
  • Depression
  • Acceptance
21
Q

Alternatives to Hospital Care

A

Hospice Care:
- Acceptance of death, improving QoL, pain management, emotional support, unrestricted family visits

Home Care:
- Still regular contact with medical staff, increased responsibility of family members, psychological benefits for patient.

  • Both of these becoming more of the norm instead of hospitals

HEALTH EXAM (6 decks)

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