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FS HN 461 > CVD-Exam 2 > Flashcards

CVD-Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Mortality

A

death rate “underlying cause of disease”

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2
Q

Morbidity

A

insidence of disease

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3
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

thickening, loss of elasticity and calcification of arterial wallks, decreased blood flow

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4
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

form of arteriosclerosis

fatty streaks in arteries–> fibrous plaque

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5
Q

Thrombus

A

aggregation of blood factors, platelets and fibrin obstruct BV

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6
Q

If atherosclerosis is in coronary arteries it causes

A

MI/ angina

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7
Q

If atherosclerosis is in cerebral arteries

A

stroke

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8
Q

If atherosclerosis is in periperal circulation

A

intermittent claudication

gangrene

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9
Q

What factors damage the arterial wall

A

high cholesterol, LDL oxidation, HTN, cigarette smoking, DM, obesity, homocysteine, increase SFA

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10
Q

Oxidative stress

A

imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidans porantially leading to damage

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11
Q

Oxidative stress cascade

A

increaseSFA –>increaseLDL–> LDL react with free radicals–> increaeLDL oxidation –>inflammation–> cascade last slide (attracts macrophages –>consume LDL –>“foam cell” –>increase connective tissue matrix –> accumulate lipid & cholesterol –>“plaque formation” in endothelial tissue)

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12
Q

What is the only carrier of dietary lipids in the blood?

A

chylomicrons

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13
Q

TC, LDL, HDL conversion

A

0.0259*mg/dL=mmol/L

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14
Q

TG conversion

A

0.011+mg/dL=mmol/L

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15
Q

What enzymes break down triglycerides

A

pancreatic lipase and co-lipase

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16
Q

What proteins are on a chylomicron

A

A B48 CII E

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17
Q

What enzyme allows the triglycerides to go into the target cell?

A

lipoprotein lipase

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18
Q

The chylomciron remnant is left with what proteins on it

A

B48 and E

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19
Q

What proteins does VLDL have on it

A

B100 E CII

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20
Q

Saturted fat decreases the response of what receptor

A

B100

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21
Q

What proteins does LDL have

A

B100

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22
Q

If a patient has high triglycerides and low VLDL and LDL what is the issue

A

hyperchylomicronemia

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23
Q

Hyperchylomicronemia is usually caused by what?

A

CII defect

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24
Q

If a patient has high TC and LDL byt other values are normal what is the problem

A

Hyperbetalipoprotenemia

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25
Hyperbetalipoprotenemia results from what
B100 receptor problems
26
What are the major risk factors of CVD
``` cigarette smoking HTN Low HDL Age family history of disease obesity DM ```
27
2 biggest differences between ATP 3 and 4
3-LDL targets 4-no LDL targets | 3->10% risk-statins >7.5% risk-statins
28
Current ASCVD and LDL>190mg/dL calls for what type fo statin therapy
High intensity
29
What is high intensity statin therapy
Lower LDL by 50%
30
What drugs are used in high intensirt statin therapy?
Atorvastatin (40-80mg) | Rosuvastatin (20-40mg)
31
40-75 yp with LDL between 70-190 or DM with risk >7.5% leads to what type of statin therapy
Moderate
32
Moderate statin therapy is
lower LDL 30-50%
33
Moderate statin therpat drugs
anything that isnt intense
34
ATP IV sat fat reccomendation
6-7%
35
ATP IV sodium recomendation
<2400mg but <1500mg desireable
36
ATP IV trans fatty acid recomendaitons
as low as possible
37
Most hypercholestrolenemic to least
Myristic>palmitic>lauric>stearic
38
DASH recomendaiton for eggs
<4 per week
39
AHA reccomendation for eggs
1/day
40
What happens if you substitue MUFA for SFA
decrease TC LDL and TG
41
What is the most prevalent MUFA
Oleic (18:1 n9)
42
Omega 6 are
proinflammatory and clotting
43
Omega 3 are
anti-inflammatory and clotting
44
What are the essential FA
Linoleic (18:2 n-6) | a-linoleic (18:3 n-3)
45
What is Steraidonic acid
an omega 3 (18:4 n-3) | from weird plants put into GMO soybeans
46
What is the benecol
buttery spread with plant sterols used to lower cholesterol; need 4 T/d to lower cholesterol in 2 weeks
47
Systolic BP
the BP during contracion phase of the heart
48
Diastolic BP
the BP during the relaxation phase of the heart
49
What is normal BP
<120/80
50
What is elevated BP
120-129/<80 mmhg
51
What is stage 1 hypertention
130-139 or 80-89
52
What is stage 2 hypertention
>140 or >90
53
Sodium in 1 slice of bread
130-175
54
Sodium in canned tomato juice 3/4 cup
820
55
Sodium in 1 cup of milk
120
56
Sodium in 1/3 cup salted peanuts
120
57
Sodium in 1/2 cup canned beans
400
58
Sodium in 3 oz tuna
250-350
59
DASH grains
7-8 servings
60
DASH veggies
4-5 servings
61
DASH fruits
4-5 servings
62
DASH low-fat dairy
2-3 servings
63
DASH Meats
<2
64
DASH nuts, seed, and beans
4-5/week
65
DASH fats and oils
2-3 servings
66
DASH sweets
5 per week
67
What does DASH emphasize?
nutrients and what foods are high in these nutrients
68
DASH potassium
4700mg
69
DASH magnesium
500mg
70
DASH calcium
1240 mg
71
DASH protein
90g
72
DASH fiber
30g
73
DASH sodium
2400 mg
74
What percentage of HTN are salt sensitive?
30-50%
75
What % of Na and CL are in NaCl
40% Na | 60% Cl
76
6g NaCl=
2.4g Na
77
Na or salt free
<5 mg/ serving
78
Very low sodium
<35mg/serving
79
Low sodium
<140 mg/serving
80
Reduced or less sodium
25% less
81
Light in Na
50% less than the regular version
82
How does potassium affect BP
Inversely; increase K--> decerease BP
83
How does Ca affect BP
Increase BP with decreased Ca intake
84
ACC reccomendation for potassium
3.5-5 g/day
85
1 cup of milk or yogurt has how much Ca
300mg
86
What other things increase BP?
caffeing, NSAIDs, herbal supplements, oral contraceptives
87
Friedewald Formula
LDL=TC-HDL-(TG/5)

FS HN 461 (8 decks)

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