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FS HN 461 > CVD-Exam 2 > Flashcards

CVD-Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Mortality

A

death rate “underlying cause of disease”

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2
Q

Morbidity

A

insidence of disease

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3
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

thickening, loss of elasticity and calcification of arterial wallks, decreased blood flow

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4
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

form of arteriosclerosis

fatty streaks in arteries–> fibrous plaque

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5
Q

Thrombus

A

aggregation of blood factors, platelets and fibrin obstruct BV

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6
Q

If atherosclerosis is in coronary arteries it causes

A

MI/ angina

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7
Q

If atherosclerosis is in cerebral arteries

A

stroke

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8
Q

If atherosclerosis is in periperal circulation

A

intermittent claudication

gangrene

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9
Q

What factors damage the arterial wall

A

high cholesterol, LDL oxidation, HTN, cigarette smoking, DM, obesity, homocysteine, increase SFA

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10
Q

Oxidative stress

A

imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidans porantially leading to damage

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11
Q

Oxidative stress cascade

A

increaseSFA –>increaseLDL–> LDL react with free radicals–> increaeLDL oxidation –>inflammation–> cascade last slide (attracts macrophages –>consume LDL –>“foam cell” –>increase connective tissue matrix –> accumulate lipid & cholesterol –>“plaque formation” in endothelial tissue)

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12
Q

What is the only carrier of dietary lipids in the blood?

A

chylomicrons

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13
Q

TC, LDL, HDL conversion

A

0.0259*mg/dL=mmol/L

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14
Q

TG conversion

A

0.011+mg/dL=mmol/L

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15
Q

What enzymes break down triglycerides

A

pancreatic lipase and co-lipase

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16
Q

What proteins are on a chylomicron

A

A B48 CII E

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17
Q

What enzyme allows the triglycerides to go into the target cell?

A

lipoprotein lipase

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18
Q

The chylomciron remnant is left with what proteins on it

A

B48 and E

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19
Q

What proteins does VLDL have on it

A

B100 E CII

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20
Q

Saturted fat decreases the response of what receptor

A

B100

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21
Q

What proteins does LDL have

A

B100

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22
Q

If a patient has high triglycerides and low VLDL and LDL what is the issue

A

hyperchylomicronemia

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23
Q

Hyperchylomicronemia is usually caused by what?

A

CII defect

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24
Q

If a patient has high TC and LDL byt other values are normal what is the problem

A

Hyperbetalipoprotenemia

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25
Q

Hyperbetalipoprotenemia results from what

A

B100 receptor problems

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26
Q

What are the major risk factors of CVD

A 
cigarette smoking
HTN
Low HDL
Age
family history of disease
obesity 
DM
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27
Q

2 biggest differences between ATP 3 and 4

A

3-LDL targets 4-no LDL targets

3->10% risk-statins >7.5% risk-statins

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28
Q

Current ASCVD and LDL>190mg/dL calls for what type fo statin therapy

A

High intensity

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29
Q

What is high intensity statin therapy

A

Lower LDL by 50%

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30
Q

What drugs are used in high intensirt statin therapy?

A

Atorvastatin (40-80mg)

Rosuvastatin (20-40mg)

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31
Q

40-75 yp with LDL between 70-190 or DM with risk >7.5% leads to what type of statin therapy

A

Moderate

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32
Q

Moderate statin therapy is

A

lower LDL 30-50%

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33
Q

Moderate statin therpat drugs

A

anything that isnt intense

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34
Q

ATP IV sat fat reccomendation

A

6-7%

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35
Q

ATP IV sodium recomendation

A

<2400mg but <1500mg desireable

36
Q

ATP IV trans fatty acid recomendaitons

A

as low as possible

37
Q

Most hypercholestrolenemic to least

A

Myristic>palmitic>lauric>stearic

38
Q

DASH recomendaiton for eggs

A

<4 per week

39
Q

AHA reccomendation for eggs

A

1/day

40
Q

What happens if you substitue MUFA for SFA

A

decrease TC LDL and TG

41
Q

What is the most prevalent MUFA

A

Oleic (18:1 n9)

42
Q

Omega 6 are

A

proinflammatory and clotting

43
Q

Omega 3 are

A

anti-inflammatory and clotting

44
Q

What are the essential FA

A

Linoleic (18:2 n-6)

a-linoleic (18:3 n-3)

45
Q

What is Steraidonic acid

A

an omega 3 (18:4 n-3)

from weird plants put into GMO soybeans

46
Q

What is the benecol

A

buttery spread with plant sterols used to lower cholesterol; need 4 T/d to lower cholesterol in 2 weeks

47
Q

Systolic BP

A

the BP during contracion phase of the heart

48
Q

Diastolic BP

A

the BP during the relaxation phase of the heart

49
Q

What is normal BP

A

<120/80

50
Q

What is elevated BP

A

120-129/<80 mmhg

51
Q

What is stage 1 hypertention

A

130-139 or 80-89

52
Q

What is stage 2 hypertention

A

> 140 or >90

53
Q

Sodium in 1 slice of bread

A

130-175

54
Q

Sodium in canned tomato juice 3/4 cup

A

820

55
Q

Sodium in 1 cup of milk

A

120

56
Q

Sodium in 1/3 cup salted peanuts

A

120

57
Q

Sodium in 1/2 cup canned beans

A

400

58
Q

Sodium in 3 oz tuna

A

250-350

59
Q

DASH grains

A

7-8 servings

60
Q

DASH veggies

A

4-5 servings

61
Q

DASH fruits

A

4-5 servings

62
Q

DASH low-fat dairy

A

2-3 servings

63
Q

DASH Meats

A

<2

64
Q

DASH nuts, seed, and beans

A

4-5/week

65
Q

DASH fats and oils

A

2-3 servings

66
Q

DASH sweets

A

5 per week

67
Q

What does DASH emphasize?

A

nutrients and what foods are high in these nutrients

68
Q

DASH potassium

A

4700mg

69
Q

DASH magnesium

A

500mg

70
Q

DASH calcium

A

1240 mg

71
Q

DASH protein

A

90g

72
Q

DASH fiber

A

30g

73
Q

DASH sodium

A

2400 mg

74
Q

What percentage of HTN are salt sensitive?

A

30-50%

75
Q

What % of Na and CL are in NaCl

A

40% Na

60% Cl

76
Q

6g NaCl=

A

2.4g Na

77
Q

Na or salt free

A

<5 mg/ serving

78
Q

Very low sodium

A

<35mg/serving

79
Q

Low sodium

A

<140 mg/serving

80
Q

Reduced or less sodium

A

25% less

81
Q

Light in Na

A

50% less than the regular version

82
Q

How does potassium affect BP

A

Inversely; increase K–> decerease BP

83
Q

How does Ca affect BP

A

Increase BP with decreased Ca intake

84
Q

ACC reccomendation for potassium

A

3.5-5 g/day

85
Q

1 cup of milk or yogurt has how much Ca

A

300mg

86
Q

What other things increase BP?

A

caffeing, NSAIDs, herbal supplements, oral contraceptives

87
Q

Friedewald Formula

A

LDL=TC-HDL-(TG/5)

FS HN 461 (8 decks)

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