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Neuro 1 > CVA Syndromes > Flashcards

CVA Syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

vascularization of anterior cerebral artery

A

longitudinal fissure above corpus callosum –> medial frontal and parietal lobe

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2
Q

common signs and symptoms of anterior cerebral artery stroke (7)

A
  • contralateral hemiparesis/hemiplegia of LE > UE
  • contralateral hemisensory loss LE > UE
  • apraxia –> dominant lobe > non-dominant lobe
  • transcortical aphasia –> dominant lobe > non-dominant lobe
  • contralateral grasp & sucking reflex
  • urinary incontinence
  • visual deficits
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3
Q

significant cognitive deficits of anterior cerebral stroke

A
  • agitation
  • memory impairments
  • executive function impairments
  • attention deficits
  • emotional liability/lack of emotion regulation
  • motor perseveration
  • lack of spontaneity
  • delayed processing
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4
Q

vascularization of middle cerebral artery

A

lateral frontal and parietal lobe
temporal
basal ganglia/insula
thalamus

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5
Q

common signs & symptoms of middle cerebral artery

A
  • contralateral hemiparesis/hemiplegia of UE > LE
  • contralateral hemisensory loss UE > LE
  • dysarthria
  • apraxia –> L
  • transcortical aphasia –> L, broca’s, wernickes, global
  • perceptual deficits –> R
  • behavioral impairments
  • visual deficits
  • contralateral dysconjugate gaze
  • sensory ataxia
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6
Q

lacunar infarcts

A

type of middle cerebral artery stroke - lenticulostriate arteries

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7
Q

in a lacunar infarct: internal capsule damage results in

A

pure motor hemiparesis

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8
Q

in a lacunar infarct: basal ganglia damage results in

A

significant motor control and motor planning deficits

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9
Q

with a internal carotid artery stroke, what is lost and what are the impairments

A
  • due to plaque build up in artery, breaks off and causes stroke
  • ACA & MCA
  • results in UE and LE deficits
  • herniation, coma, death, multidimensional deficits
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10
Q

vascularization of posterior cerebral artery

A
  • mainly occipital
  • inferior temporal lobes
  • midbrain, thalamus, subthalamic structures
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11
Q

common signs & symptoms posterior cerebral artery stroke (peripheral territory)

A
  • contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
  • cortical blindness –> bilateral CVA
  • visual agnosia –> dominant > non-dominant
  • prosopagnosia
  • dyslexia
  • memory impairment –> temporal lobe damage (dominant or bilateral)
  • topographical disorientation –> nondominant > dominant
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12
Q

common signs & symptoms posterior cerebral artery (deep territory)

A
  • thalamic pain
  • spontaneous pain & dysesthesias
  • involuntary movements
  • contralateral hemiplegia
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13
Q

watershed infarcts

A

result of two adjacent arteries undergoing ischemia/infarction

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14
Q

cause of watershed infarct

A

severe drop in BP

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15
Q

result of watershed infarct: ACA-MCA

A
  • proximal limb movement –> man in the barrel syndrome
  • dominant hemisphere: transcortical aphasia
  • proximal damage > distal damage
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16
Q

result of MCA-PCA watershed infarct

A
  • disturbances in higher-order visual processing
17
Q

cause of medial medullary syndrome

A

occlusion to vertebral artery (medullary branch)

18
Q

clinical presentation of medial medullary syndrome

A
  • ipsilateral tongue weakness
  • contralateral UE/LE weakness
  • contralateral UE/LE sensory loss (dorsal column)
19
Q

cause of lateral medullary syndrome (wallenberg’s syndrome)

A

occlusion to PICA or vertebral artery

20
Q

clinical presentation of lateral medullary syndrome (wallenberg’s syndrome) (7)

A
  • ipsilateral facial pain/temp loss
  • ipsilateral ataxia
  • ipsilateral horner’s syndrome
  • contralateral UE/LE sensory loss (dorsal & anterolateral systems)
  • vertigo, nausea, vomiting
  • nystagmus (irregular eye movements)
  • dysphagia, dysphonia, impaired gag reflex
21
Q

cause of medial inferior pontine syndrome

A

occlusion of paramedian branches of basilar artery

22
Q

clinical presentation of medial inferior pontine syndrome (6)

A
  • ipsilateral dysconjugate gaze
  • ipsilateral ataxia
  • contralateral facial & UE/LE weakness
  • contralateral facial & UE/LE sensory loss (dorsal column)
  • nystagmus
  • diplopia
23
Q

cause of lateral inferior pontine syndrome

A

occlusion of AICA

24
Q

clinical presentation of lateral inferior pontine syndrome (8)

A
  • ipsilateral dysconjugate gaze
  • ipsilateral facial weakness
  • ipsilateral facial sensory loss
  • ipsilateral hearing loss, tinnitus
  • ipsilateral ataxia
  • contralateral facial & UE/LE sensory loss
  • nystagmus
  • vertigo, nausea, vomiting
25
Q

cause of lateral superior pontine syndrome

A

occlusion of SCA

26
Q

clinical presentation of lateral superior pontine syndrome(7)

A
  • ipsilateral dysconjugate gaze
  • ipsilateral ataxia, lateropulsion
  • ipsilateral horner’s syndrome
  • contralateral facial pain/temp loss
  • contralateral LE>UE sensory loss (dorsal column)
  • nystagmus
  • dizziness, nausea, vomiting
27
Q

cause of vertebrobasilar artery syndrome (locked-in syndrome)

A

complete occlusion of basilar artery in ventral pons

28
Q

clinical presentation of vertebrobasilar artery syndrome (locked-in syndrome)

A
  • complete tetraplegia
  • bilateral cranial nerve palsy –> upward gaze spread, blink spared
  • cognition spared
29
Q

with a right hemisphere lesion, what behavioral deficits are present

A
  • quick, impulsive behaviors
  • poor judgement, unrealistic
  • inability to self correct
  • poor insight, awareness of impairments, denial of disability
  • increased safety risk
30
Q

with a left hemisphere lesion, what behavioral deficits are present

A
  • slow, cautious behavioral style
  • disorganized
  • often very aware of impairments, extent of disability

Neuro 1 (21 decks)

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