CVA - Lecture 11 Flashcards
CVA
a sudden loss of neurological fxn resulting from interruption of blood flow to the brain
CVA is also known as a
brain attack
cerebrovascular dz
any disorder in which areas of the brain are transiently or permanently affected by ischemia or hemorrhage
or
disorder in which one or more blood vessels of the brain is/are impaired by a pathologic process
prevalence
7 mill in US
incidence
795,000 people per yea
610,000 new strokes
185,00 recurrent
CVA is the most common cause of
chronic disability
how much does incidence increase every decade
doubles after 55
how often does someone suffer a new stroke
every 40 sec
how often does someone die from a stroke
every 3-4 min
high risk pop
men
african americans
men
30% higher incidence
80% greater risk of developing a subsequent stroke
increased exposure to modifiable risk factors
african americans
black men have a 50% greater incidence than white men
black women have a 130% higher incidence than white women
mortality –> ischemic CVA
17-25% within the first month
hemorrhagic CVA mortality
40-60% within the first month
when does survivability approach normal
~18 months post CVA
how many strokes are preventable
80%
S&S
sudden onset of
-numbness or weakness
-confusion and slurring of speech
-visual disturbance
-dizziness, gait disturbance and/or balance/coordination dysfunction
-severe headache w/ unknown cause
what to do when sudden onset of symptoms occurs
call 911
non-modifiable risk factors
over 55 years of age
male
black
family history
prior CVA
over 55 years of age
lifetime risk of 1 in 6
family history
increased likelihood of CVA
prior CVA
greatly increases the risk of having a 2nd CVA (25-40% w/in 5 years)
prior TIA
prior TIA
warning signal
can be considered a modifiable risk factor
modifiable risk factors
hypertension
cigarette smoking
hypercholesteremia
obesity
physical inactivity
adult onset diabetes (type II)
ETOH abuse
drug use
hypertension
single most significant controllable risk factor
aggravates atherosclerosis and can cause rupture of weakened blood vessel walls
cigarette smoking
increased BP
decreased blood ability to carry O2
increased platelet aggregation –> increased clotting
adult onset diabetes
control of type 2 DM
ETOH abuse
increase risk of hemorrhagic CVA
although light alc consumption can decrease risk of CVA by decreasing platelet aggregation
drug use
quickly increase BP –> likelihood for CVA
classification of CVA
ischemic
hemorrhagic
ischemia
thrombic
embolic
TIA
