CV Physiology: Heart Failure/ CAD

Question 1

Heart failure is characterized by reduced organ blood flow.

True

False

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Left ventricular systolic dysfunction is commonly associated with

A) decreased end-diastolic pressure

B) decreased end-systolic volume

C) increased stroke work

D) reduced ejection fraction

Answer 2

D) reduced ejection fraction

Question 3

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is commonly associated with

A) increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume

B) increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

C) large reductions in ventricular ejection fraction

D) reduced ventricular inotropy

Answer 3

B) increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

Question 4

Myocardial hypoxia can occur under conditions of normal coronary blood flow if myocardial oxygen consumption is abnormally elevated or the oxygen content of the arterial blood is abnormally low.

True

False

Answer 4

True

Question 5

The extraction of oxygen from the coronary blood that perfuses the heart is increased when the

A) coronary flow is increased

B) coronary venous oxygen content is increased

C) myocardial oxygen consumption is decreased

D) ratio of coronary flow to myocardial oxygen consumption is decreased

Answer 5

D) ratio of coronary flow to myocardial oxygen consumption is decreased

Question 6

If a region of the left main coronary artery becomes stenotic such that its diameter is reduced by 50%, how will this impact blood flow to the myocardium supplied by this artery?

A) resting blood flow will be reduced 16-fold

B) resting blood flow will be reduced by 50%

C) maximal coronary blood flow capacity will be reduced in the absence of collateralization

D) vessels downstream will constrict to maintain normal coronary perfusion pressure

Answer 6

C) maximal coronary blood flow capacity will be reduced in the absence of collateralization

Question 7

Chronic stable angina is normally associated with

A) coronary vasospasm

B) formation of partially occluding thrombi

C) complete occlusion of a coronary artery

D) atherosclerotic narrowing of a coronary artery

Answer 7

D) atherosclerotic narrowing of a coronary artery

Question 8

In most individuals, the coronary vessel that supplies blood to the anteroseptal region of the heart is the

A) circumflex artery

B) left anterior descending artery

C) right coronary artery

Answer 8

B) left anterior descending artery

Question 9

The left and right coronary arteries originate at the base of the pulmonary artery from openings called the coronary ostia located behind the pulmonic valve leaflets.

True

False

Answer 9

False