CV Physiology: Cardiac Valve Disease Questions Flashcards
A patient who has mitral valve stenosis. Which of the following occurs as they exercise?
A) pulmonary capillary wedge pressure increases
B) left ventricular diastolic filling is reduced
C) the diastolic pressure gradient across the valve decreases
A) pulmonary capillary wedge pressure increases
Compared to laminar flow conditions, the presence of turbulence increases pressure gradient across a valve at a given flow because of increased energy losses.
True
False
True
Which of the following is associated with mitral valve stenosis?
A) elevated left atrial pressure during atrial systole
B) elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
C) elevated pressure gradient across the mitral valve during ventricular systole
D) left ventricular dilation
A) elevated left atrial pressure during atrial systole
Mitral valve stenosis increases the width of the left ventricular pressure-volume loop.
True
False
False
According to Poiseuille’s equation, if the radius of the opened orifice of a valve is reduced by 50%, the pressure gradient across the valve at a given flow rate will be increased how much above normal?
A) 50%
B) 2-fold
C) 8-fold
D) 16-fold
D) 16-fold
Under which of the following conditions is turbulence more likely to occur?
A) elevated blood viscosity
B) reduced cardiac output
C) valvular stenosis
C) valvular stenosis
When a person with a stenotic aortic valve exercises, the intensity of the murmur increases because increased velocity across the stenotic valve increases turbulence.
True
False
True
A systolic heart murmur can be caused by
A) aortic regurgitation
B) mitral valve stenosis
C) turbulent blood flow during ventricular filling
D) ventricular septal defect
D) ventricular septal defect
Pulmonary edema and reduced cardiac output caused by a valve defect can lead to exertional dyspnea.
True
False
True
In aortic valve regurgitation, the ventricle begins to fill with blood prior to the opening of the mitral valve.
True
False
True
Valvular stenosis results from valve leaflets not completely sealing when the valve is closed.
True
False
False
Which of the following is associated with aortic valve regurgitation?
A) increased left ventricular stroke volume
B) reduced left atrial pressure
C) reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
D) tall v-wave in left atrial pressure
A) increased left ventricular stroke volume
Which of the following valve defects is NOT associated with an increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure?
A) aortic valve regurgitation
B) mitral valve regurgitation
C) mitral valve stenosis
D) pulmonic valve stenosis
D) pulmonic valve stenosis
In mitral valve regurgitation, stroke volume, defined as the difference between end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, is decreased.
True
False
False
A systolic ejection gradient of 60 mmHg across a stenotic aortic valve would most likely be associated with
A) a large reduction in ejection fraction
B) a large increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume
C) elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
D) increased width of the left ventricular pressure-volume loop
C) elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
