CV FA Flashcards
Def’n of unstable angina
Angina that is new, worsening, or occurring at rest.
Which antihypertensive is used in diabetics with proteinuria?
ACEi
What is Beck’s Triad for cardiac tamponade?
JVD, distant heart sounds, hypotension
Which drugs slow heart rate?
Beta blockers, CCB, digoxin, amiodarone
Which hypercholesterolemia treatment leads to flushing and pruritis?
Niacin
What is characteristic of a HOCM murmur?
Systolic ejection murmur along lateral sternal border that inc with dec preload
Aortic insufficiency murmur
Diastolic, decrescendo low pitched, blowing. Inc with inc afterload (sitting up)
Aortic stenosis murmur
Systolic crescendo/decrescendo radiating to the neck; inc with inc preload
Mitral regurg murmur
A holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilaa; inc with inc afterload
Mitral stenosis murmur
A diastolic mid to late low pitched murmur with opening snap
Treatment for A Fib and A flutter
Cardioversion if unstable. Rate control with CCB or Beta blocker if stable/chronic.
V Fib treatment
Immediate cardioversion
Dressler’s syndrome
Autoimmune reaction with fever, pericarditis, and inc ESR 2-4 weeks post-MI
IV drug use with JVD and a holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. treatment?
Treat existing HF and replace tricuspid valve
Diagnostic test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
ECHO (thickened LV wall and outflow obstruction)
Pulsus paradoxus
seen in cardiac tamponade, a dec of systolic BP by > 10 with inspiration
Classic ECG findings in pericarditis
Low voltage diffuse ST segment elevation
Eight correctable causes of HTN
renal artery stenosis, aortic coarctation, pheo, Conn’s syndrome, Cushing’s, unilateral renal parenchymal disease, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism
“Sawtooth” P waves
Atrial flutter
Evaluation of a pulsatile abdominal mads and bruit
Abd US and CT
When to repair an aortic aneurysm
> 5.5 cm, rapid enlargement, symptomatic, or ruptured
Treatment for acute coronary syndrome
ASA, heparin, clopidogrel, morphine, sublingual nitroglycerin, IV beta blockers
Metabolic syndrome
Abd obesity, high TG, low LDL, hypertension, insulin resistance, prothrombic or proinflammatory states
Appropriate test for 50 yr old man with stable angina who can exercise to 85% of max HR
Exercise stress treadmill with ECG
Appropriate test for 65 yo woman with LBBB and sever osteoarthritis with unstable angina
Pharmacologic stress test (dobutamine)
Target LDL in diabetic pt
Signs of ischemia during stress testing
Angina, ST changes, dec BP
ECG findings suggestive of MI
ST elevation (ischemia = depression), flattened T waves, Q waves
Coronary territories in MI
Anterior= LAD/diagonal Inferior=PDA posterior= left circumflex/oblique RCA= marginal Septum= LAD/diagonal
Young pt with angina at rest and ST elevation with normal cardiac enzymes
Prinzmetal’s angina
Common symptoms associated with silent MI
cHF, shock, AMS
Diagnostic test for PE
Spiral CT with contrast
What does Protamine do?
Reverse heparin
Warfarin inc which coagulation test?
PT (prothrombin time)
Endocarditis prophylaxis
Amox for oral surgery; not recommended in GU/GI cases
Virchow’s triad
Stasis, hypercoagulopathy, endothelial damage
Most common cause of HTN in young women? Young men?
OCPs; excessive EtOH
Water bottle shaped heart
Pericardial effusion. Evaluate for pulsus paradoxus
Figure 3 sign
Aortic coarctation
