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BBDA > CV Drugs > Flashcards

CV Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Thiazides

A

Inhibits Na+ and H2O reabsorption in the distal tubule of kidney

Blocks Na+/Cl- transporter

ADR - hyperuricemia (gout), hyponatremia

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2
Q

Thalitone

A

Chlorthalidone

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3
Q

Zaroxolyn

A

Metolazone

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4
Q

Loop Diuretics

A

Inhibit Na+ and H2O reabsorption in the Loop of Henle of the kidney

Inhibit luminal Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter

Lose a lot of electrolytes

ADR - hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, ototoxicity, overdiuresis

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5
Q

Lasix

A

Furosemide

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6
Q

Demadex

A

Torsemide

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7
Q

Bumex

A

Bumetanide

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8
Q

Potassium-Sparing

A

Enhance Na+ excretion and retain K+

Add-on to thiazide to maintain K+ levels

ADR - hyperkalemia

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9
Q

Dyazide/Maxide

A

Triamterene/HCTZ

K+ sparing drug

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10
Q

Renin

A

Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin

Released from the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney

Negative feedback mechanism

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11
Q

ACE Inhibitors (ACE-I)

A

Inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme thereby inhibiting production of angiotensin II

Used for hypertension, HF, Post MI, Kidney protection - opens up glomerulus

ADR - dry unproductive cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia

TERATOGENIC!!!

Monitor: BP, pulse, renal function, K+ levels

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12
Q

Zestril, Prinivil

A

Lisinopril

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13
Q

Altace

A

Ramipril

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14
Q

Vasotec

A

Enalapril

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15
Q

Lotensin

A

Benazapril

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16
Q

Accupril

A

Quinapril

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17
Q

Monopril

A

Fosinopril

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18
Q

Capoten

A

Captopril

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19
Q

Aceon

A

Perindopril

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20
Q

Univasc

A

Moexipril

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21
Q

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB)

A

Block angiotensin II directly at site of action via AT1 receptor

ADR - same as ACE-I but no cough

TERATOGENIC

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22
Q

Cozaar

A

Losartan

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23
Q

Avopro

A

Irbesartan

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24
Q

Atacand

A

Candesartan

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25
Q

Diovan

A

Valsartan

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26
Q

Benicar

A

Olmesartan

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27
Q

Micardis

A

Telmisartan

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28
Q

Teveten

A

Eprosartan

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29
Q

Edarbi

A

Azilsartan

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30
Q

Aldosterone Antagonists

A

Inhibits aldosterone effects on the Na+/K+ exchange site in the distal tubule

Used to decrease fibrosis, resistant hypertension, heart/liver failure

ADR - hyperkalemia, breast tenderness (gynecomastia), renal dysfunction

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31
Q

Aldactone

A

Spironolactone

Can cause gynecomastia (breast tenderness)

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32
Q

Inspra

A

Eplerenone

Aldosterone antagonist

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33
Q

Beta Blockers

A

Blocks SNS (B1, B2, Alpha receptors)

Suppress the release of renin

Negative inotrope (force of contraction), negative chronotrope (heart rate)

Used for: Post MI, angina, HF, headaches tremors CAD

ADR - bradycardia, bronchospasm (caution in asthma with non-selective agents), fatigue

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34
Q

Lopressor/Toprol XL

A

Metoprolol

Lopressor: tartrate salt BID dosing
Toprol: succinate salt QD dosing

Selective for B1

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35
Q

Tenormin

A

Atenolol

Selective for B1

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36
Q

Bystolic

A

Nebivolol

Selective for B1

Vasodilation through NO to lower BP

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37
Q

Inderal

A

Propranolol

Non-selective

B1/B2

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38
Q

Coreg

A

Carvedilol

Non-selective used for HF

Peripheral vasodilation through alpha blockade

39
Q

Trandate

A

Labetalol

Non-selective

Vasodilation like Coreg

40
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Specific for L-type receptors

Blocks channels, decreases Ca2+ current, relaxation of smooth muscle

Negative inotrope and chronotrope

Uses: hypertension, angina

41
Q

Norvasc

A

Amlodipine

Dihydropyridine (DHP)

ADR - Orthostatic hypotension, GERD, reflex tachycardia, edema

MOA - arterial vasodilation, decrease afterload

42
Q

Plendil

A

Felodipine

Dihydropyridine (DHP)

ADR - Orthostatic hypotension, GERD

MOA - arterial vasodilation, decrease afterload

43
Q

Sular

A

Nisoldipine

Dihydropyridine (DHP)

ADR - Orthostatic hypotension, GERD

MOA - arterial vasodilation, decrease afterload

44
Q

Procardia XL/Adalat CC

A

Nifedipine

Dihydropyridine (DHP)

ADR - Orthostatic hypotension, GERD

MOA - arterial vasodilation, decrease afterload

45
Q

Cardene

A

Nicardipine

Dihydropyridine (DHP)

ADR - Orthostatic hypotension, GERD

MOA - arterial vasodilation, decrease afterload

46
Q

Calan/Isoptin/Verelan

A

Verapamil

Non-DHP, used for atrial tachycardias

MOA - decrease myocardial contractility, decrease rate of contraction, some peripheral vasodilation

ADR - constipation, AV Block, bradycardia, GERD

47
Q

Cardizem/Dilacor XR

A

Diltiazem

Non-DHP

MOA - decrease myocardial contractility, decrease rate of contraction, some peripheral vasodilation

ADR - constipation, AV Block, bradycardia, GERD

48
Q

Alpha 2-agonists

A

Stimulation of the receptors inhibits the sympathetic output from the brain (vasomotor center)

Inhibits release of NE from nerve terminals

Cause peripheral vasodilation

49
Q

Catapress

A

Clonidine

Lowers BP by decreasing HR and reducing peripheral vascular resistance

ADR - dry mouth, must be tapered (can’t quit cold turkey)

50
Q

Alpha 1-receptor antagonists

A

Block alpha receptors in the vasculature

Vasodilation decreases peripheral vascular resistance

Primarily used for BPH

51
Q

Flomax

A

Tamsulosin

Specific for alpha 1A & 1D receptors

ADR - orthostatic hypotension so give at night to start; start low/slow, reflex tachycardia, nasal stufffiness, edema

52
Q

Hytrin

A

Terazosin

non-specific, used for BPH & BP

ADR - orthostatic hypotension

53
Q

Cardura

A

Doxazosin

non-specific, used for BPH & BP

ADR - orthostatic hypotension

54
Q

Minipress

A

Prazosin

non-specific, used for BPH & BP

ADR - orthostatic hypotension

55
Q

Nitrates/Nitrites

A

Used for angina & HF (in combo w/Hydralazine)

56
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

ADR - Orthostasis, throbbing headache, tachycardia

Tolerance - need nitrate-free period of 10-12 hours daily

Contraindicated with PDE Inhibitors - Viagra, Cialis, Levitra, hypotensive medications

Monitor: HR<100, SBP>90-100

57
Q

ISMOR/Imdur

A

Isosorbide mononitrate

Once daily dosing, nitrate free period built into release mechanism

58
Q

Hydralazine

A

Arterial vasodilator used in hypertension (esp during pregnancy), HF

MOA - not known

ADR - headache, nausea, flushing, tachycardia, dizziness

Monitor: BP, pulse, HF symptoms, compliance

59
Q

BiDil

A

Hydralazine/Isosorbide dinitrate

used in HF to decrease pre/after load

Tachyphylaxis - tolerance

ADR - nausea, flushing, tachycardia, drug induced lupus

60
Q

Ranexa

A

Ranolazine

Add on therapy for angina

blockade of late Na+ current that facilitates Ca2+ entry through the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger which allows heart to function w/ decreased oxygen supply

Does not lower BP and HR like other options

ADR - dizziness, headache, constipation, edema

61
Q

Digitalis

A

Digoxin

MOA - positive inotropic effects, negative chronotropic, Low TI, used in HFrEF & A Fib

ADR - toxicity can cause arrhythmias, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia

62
Q

Angiotensin II + neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI)

A

Used in HFrEF, replaces ACE-I & ARB

63
Q

Entresto

A

Sacubitril/Valsartan

ARB must be used in combo w/neprilysin inhibitor to block increased RAAS levels

ADR - hypotension, hyperkalemia, cough, dizziness, renal failure, angioedema

64
Q

I(funny) Channel Inhibitor

A

Used in HFrEF

selectively binds to the I(funny) channels in the SA node (funny current because it is unusual in behavior)

65
Q

Corlanor

A

Ivabradine

slows depolarization which slows SA activity which reduces HR

ADR - Phosphenes (visual brightness) = little dots, bradycardia, A-Fib

66
Q

Class I Antiarrhythmic Agents

A

Na+ channel blockade

1A - PDQ (Procainamide, Quinidine, Disopyramide)

1B - MLT (Mexiletine, Lidocaine, Tocainide)

1C - Flecainide, Propafenone

67
Q

Class II Antiarrhythmic Agents

A

Sympatholytic (Beta blockers)

68
Q

Class III Antiarrhythmic Agents

A

K+ channel blockers

69
Q

Class IV Antiarrhythmic Agents

A

Ca2+ channel blockade

70
Q

Cordarone

A

Amiodarone

Class III, used for atrial/ventricular arrhythmias

71
Q

Chylomicrons

A

triglyceride rich

Function: is to transport dietary cholesterol & triglycerides to cells for energy use & storage

72
Q

VLDL (very low density lipoprotein)

A

triglyceride rich

Function: transport triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissues for energy

73
Q

LDL (low density lipoprotein/bad cholesterol)

A

Primary therapeutic target in most patients

Produced by removal of triglycerides from VLDL in circulation

74
Q

HDL (high density lipoprotein/good cholesterol)

A

Function: transports excess cholesterol from the cells back to the liver or transfers it to other lipoproteins

High levels are antiatherogenic & therefore beneficial

75
Q

HMG-CoA reductase Inhibitors

A

Decreased cholesterol synthesis results in decreased cholesterol levels in the liver, increase in the number of LDL receptors on the surface of the liver

beneficial for primary/secondary prevention

ADR - myopathy, increased hepatic enzyme levels (AST/ALT)

Avoid grapefruit juice, TERATOGENIC

Onset of action: 4-6 weeks (6-8 weeks)

76
Q

Mevacor

A

Lovastatin

77
Q

Zocor

A

Simvastatin

78
Q

Lescol

A

Fluvastatin

79
Q

Pravachol

A

Pravastatin

80
Q

Lipitor

A

Atorvastatin

81
Q

Crestor

A

Rosuvastatin

82
Q

Livalo

A

Pitavastatin

83
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrants (BAS)

A

MOA - act by binding bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption & leading to their excretion in the feces, up-regulation of LDL receptors, increased removal of cholesterol from the blood stream, up-regulation of HMG-CoA reductase

84
Q

Questran

A

Cholestyramine

Bile Acid exchange resin - cation that exchange a Cl- anion for a negatively charged bile acid

85
Q

Colestid

A

Colestipol

Bile Acid exchange resin - cation that exchange a Cl- anion for a negatively charged bile acid

86
Q

Welchol

A

Colesevelam

NOT ABSORBED FROM THE GI TRACT

Bile Acid sequestrant - binds to a bile acid w/o leaving a Cl- ion behind

GI side effects = constipation, nausea, flatulence

87
Q

Zetia

A

Ezetimibe

Selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor, blocks NPC1L1 transporter

absorbed systemically

88
Q

Fibric Acid Derivatives (Fibrates)

A

stimulate the nuclear agonist transcription receptor (PPAR-alpha) PPAR = peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, increases lipoprotein lipase synthesis

used to lower triglyceride levels

89
Q

Lopid

A

Gemfibrozil

Contraindicated w/Simvastatin

90
Q

Tricor/Lofibra

A

Fenofibrate

91
Q

Trilipix

A

Choline Fenofibrate

92
Q

Niacin

A

Reduces triglycerides synthesis in the liver, inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue resulting in decreased VLDL synthesis by the liver leading to decreased LDL production

ADR - cutaneous vasodilation (flushing) = prostaglandin mediated & can be decreased by giving aspirin 30 min prior, TWF

93
Q

Zebeta

A

Bisoprolol

Used in HF

BBDA (6 decks)

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