CV Disease

Question 1

What is a carotid bruit?

Answer 1

abnormal sound produced by turbulent flow, heard by stethoscope

Question 2

What is a stenosis?

Answer 2

when arterial walls thicken, harden, and lost elasticity

Question 3

What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

Answer 3

‘mini stroke’
no lasting effects
lasts few minutes to few hours, no more than 24 H

Question 4

What is a TIA caused by?

Answer 4

emboli most often from heart or piece of plaque from carotid

Question 5

What is a reversible ischemia neurological deficit (RIND)?

Answer 5

lasts longer than a TIA, deficit resolves over time

Question 6

What is a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

Answer 6

produces permanent neurological deficit, artery becomes blocked and brain tissue dies

Question 7

What is paresis?

Answer 7

weakness or slight paralysis

Question 8

What is parasthesia?

Answer 8

prickling or tingling feeling of skin

Question 9

What is anesthesia?

Answer 9

numbness or lack of feeling

Question 10

What is dysphasia?

Answer 10

difficulty speaking

Question 11

What is aphasia?

Answer 11

inability to speak

Question 12

What is expressive aphasia?

Answer 12

inability to communicate what is intended

Question 13

What is amaurosis fugax?

Answer 13

temporary, partial, or complete blindness usually within 1 eye

Question 14

What is vertigo?

Answer 14

difficulty maintaining equillibrium

Question 15

What is ataxia?

Answer 15

muscular in-coordination

Question 16

What is diplopia?

Answer 16

double vision

Question 17

What is a drop attack?

Answer 17

falling to ground without loss of consciosness

Question 18

What is syncope?

Answer 18

transient loss of consciousness

Question 19

What are the types of plaque?

Answer 19

-fatty/soft
-smooth
-ulcerated/sharp
-calcified/hard
-complicated

Question 20

What is the most important thing when diagnosing disease?

Answer 20

velocities

Question 21

What are the 3 velocity factors for carotid stenosis?

Answer 21

PSV, EDV, ICA/CCA ratio

Question 22

What is the most significant parameter for CCA stenosis?

Answer 22

PSV

Question 23

When does EDV remain normal?

Answer 23

when there is less than a 50% reduction

Question 24

What is sued to differentiate between severe and critical stenosis?

Answer 24

EDV

Question 25

What is spectral broadening?

Answer 25

fill in of acoustic window on doppler waveform, caused by high velocities

Question 26

What is the ICA/CCA ratio formula?

Answer 26

highest PSV in stenotic region / highest PSV in ipsilateral CCA

Question 27

What is a normal ICA/CCA ratio?

Answer 27

<2

Question 28

1-15 % diameter reduction equals what PSV

Answer 28

<180

Question 29

16-49 % diameter reduction equals what PSV

Answer 29

<180

Question 30

50-69 % diameter reduction equals what PSV

Answer 30

> 180

Question 31

> 70 % diameter reduction equals what PSV

Answer 31

230+

Question 32

What does a change in vertebral artery waveform indicate?

Answer 32

subclavian steal syndrome

Question 33

What is subclavian steal syndrome?

Answer 33

if prox subc is stenotic, ipsilateral vert flow may be retrograde