Arterial Disease

Question 1

What are the patient risk factors for arterial disease?

Answer 1

Diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, age, family Hx, males

Question 2

What are the signs and symptoms of chronic arterial disease?

Answer 2

Skin lesions, trophic changes, skin color changes

Question 3

What are skin lesions aka?

Answer 3

ulceration

Question 4

What are trophic changes?

Answer 4

hair loss, shiny/scaly skin

Question 5

What is pallor?

Answer 5

paleness

Question 6

What is cyanosis?

Answer 6

bluish skin

Question 7

What is rubor?

Answer 7

reddish skin

Question 8

What is it called to have redness in a dependent position?

Answer 8

dependent rubor

Question 9

What is claudication?

Answer 9

pain in muscles during exercise that subsides with rest

Question 10

What is claudication caused by?

Answer 10

arterial spasm, arteriosclerosis, artherosclerosis, occlusion

Question 11

Where does claudication occur?

Answer 11

below the level of arterial disease

Question 12

What does bilateral buttock pain indicate?

Answer 12

aortoiliac disease

Question 13

What does unilateral buttock pain indicate?

Answer 13

iliac disease

Question 14

What is the most popular claudication?

Answer 14

calf claudication

Question 15

What is necrosis?

Answer 15

tissue death

Question 16

What causes acute arterial disease?

Answer 16

thrombosis, embolism, trauma

Question 17

What are the 5 P’s (symptoms) of acute arterial disease?

Answer 17

1. Pain
2. Pallor
3. Pulselessness
4. Paresthesia (tingling)
5. Paralysis

a sixth can be coldness

Question 18

What is blue toe syndrome caused by?

Answer 18

ulcerated or artheoslecortic lesions, embolization, arteritis

Question 19

What is arteriosclerosis?

Answer 19

thickening, hardening, loss of elasticity

Question 20

What is artherosclerosis

Answer 20

intimal changes, plaque formation

Question 21

What is an embolism?

Answer 21

an obstruction of a blood vessel, most commonly a piece of plaque breaking off and lodging in a small vessel

Question 22

What is an aneurysm?

Answer 22

dilation of all layers of the arterial wall, distended, engorged blood vessel

Question 23

What are the shapes of an aneurysm?

Answer 23

Fusiform, saccular, berry

Question 24

What is a dissecting aneurysm?

Answer 24

a small tear in the intima, creates a false lumen, results in a cavity between 2 layers

Question 25

What is a psuedoanuerysm?

Answer 25

a small leak/hole in vessel allowing blood to leak out