Arterial Disease Flashcards
What are the patient risk factors for arterial disease?
Diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, age, family Hx, males
What are the signs and symptoms of chronic arterial disease?
Skin lesions, trophic changes, skin color changes
What are skin lesions aka?
ulceration
What are trophic changes?
hair loss, shiny/scaly skin
What is pallor?
paleness
What is cyanosis?
bluish skin
What is rubor?
reddish skin
What is it called to have redness in a dependent position?
dependent rubor
What is claudication?
pain in muscles during exercise that subsides with rest
What is claudication caused by?
arterial spasm, arteriosclerosis, artherosclerosis, occlusion
Where does claudication occur?
below the level of arterial disease
What does bilateral buttock pain indicate?
aortoiliac disease
What does unilateral buttock pain indicate?
iliac disease
What is the most popular claudication?
calf claudication
What is necrosis?
tissue death
What causes acute arterial disease?
thrombosis, embolism, trauma
What are the 5 P’s (symptoms) of acute arterial disease?
- Pain
- Pallor
- Pulselessness
- Paresthesia (tingling)
- Paralysis
a sixth can be coldness
What is blue toe syndrome caused by?
ulcerated or artheoslecortic lesions, embolization, arteritis
What is arteriosclerosis?
thickening, hardening, loss of elasticity
What is artherosclerosis
intimal changes, plaque formation
What is an embolism?
an obstruction of a blood vessel, most commonly a piece of plaque breaking off and lodging in a small vessel
What is an aneurysm?
dilation of all layers of the arterial wall, distended, engorged blood vessel
What are the shapes of an aneurysm?
Fusiform, saccular, berry
What is a dissecting aneurysm?
a small tear in the intima, creates a false lumen, results in a cavity between 2 layers
What is a psuedoanuerysm?
a small leak/hole in vessel allowing blood to leak out
