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IC3 Blue Book > CV > Flashcards

CV Flashcards

1
Q

Central cyanosis

A

Hypoxia lung disease
RL shunt- CHD/ eisenmenger
Methaemoglobinaemia- drugs/ toxins

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2
Q

Irregularly irregular pulse

A 
AVCV
A fib
Ventricular ectopic beats
Complete heart block
Variable ventricular escape
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3
Q

Causes of a fib

A 
IHD
Rheumatic heart disease
Thyrotoxicosis 
Pneumonia
PE
Alcohol
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4
Q

Absent radial pulse

A 
Congenital- bilateral 
Arterial emboli (a fib)
Subclavian atheroma 
Previous arterial line
Previous coronary angiography
Cervical rib 
Coarctation of aorta
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5
Q

A fib vs VEBS

A

Exercise abolishes VEB, a fib stays

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6
Q

Collapsing pulse

A

Aortic regurgitation

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7
Q

Radio-radial, radio-femoral delay

A

Cervical rib- r r
AD
Coarcation
Embolism

CACE

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8
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

Cardiac tamponade
Constrictive pericarditis
RCM
Severe COPD

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9
Q

Malar flush

A

Mitral stenosis

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10
Q

Corrigans sign

A

Exaggerated pulsation of carotid

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11
Q

Bisiferiens pulse

A

Mixed AS/AR

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12
Q

Elevated JVP

A

RHF
Volume overload
PE
Constrictive pericarditis

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13
Q

Elevated JVP decreased bp

A

Tension pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Massive PE

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14
Q

Elevated JVP and fixed

A

SVC obstruction

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15
Q

Canon A waves

A

Complete heart block
VEBS
VT

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16
Q

GIANT V waves

A

TR

  • ear wiggling
  • pulsatile HM
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17
Q

Features of JVP

A 
MOPHAIR
Multi wave form, double flicker 
Occludable
Postural changes
HJR
Above filling 
Impalpable 
Respiratory changes
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18
Q

Kussmaul sign

A

Increase JVP on inspiration due to impaired RV filling
Tamponade
Constrictive pericarditis
RCM

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19
Q

Midline sternotomy

A

CABG

Valve replacement

20
Q

L submammary

A

Mitral valvotomy

Pericardial window

21
Q

Grafts for CABG

A

Saphenous vein
LIMA
Radial artery

22
Q

Apical visible haeve

A

LVH

23
Q

Parasternal visible haeve

A

RVH

24
Q

Unable to locate apex beat

A

Obese
Air- pneumothorax, emphysema
Fluid- pleural, pericardial effusion

Different position

  • displacement- laterally- LHF
  • dextrocardia
25
Q

Character of apex beat

A

Tapping
Heaving
Thrusting

26
Q

Tapping apex beat

A

MS

27
Q

Heaving apex beat

A

LVH

  • AS
  • HTN
  • HOCM
  • coarctation of aorta
28
Q

Thrusting apex beat

A

MR
AR
LvF

29
Q

3rd heart sound

A

Rapid ventricular filling

Normal in those

30
Q

Causes of 3rd heart sound

A 
Volume overload
CCF
MR
AR
Large anterior MI
31
Q

4th heart sound

A

Poorly compliant ventricle

NEVER A FIB

32
Q

Causes of 4th heart sound

A

AS
HTN
HOCM
Post MI

33
Q

Clues on abdo exam for CV

A

HM- RHF
Ascites- RHF
SM- IE
AAA

34
Q

Investigations CV

A

ECG
CXR
ECHO
urinalysis

35
Q

Urinalysis CV

A

IE microscopic haematuria

36
Q

CXR LHF

A 
Alveolar oedema
B-- lines Kerley lines
Cardiomegaly
Diversion, venous upper lobes
Efussion, pleural
37
Q

Causes of pericarditis

A 
7
Coxsackie 
Viral/ fungal
Immediately post MI
Dressler syndrome 2-10 weeks post MI
SLE/ RA/ scleroderma 
Uraemia
Malignancy
38
Q

Pump failure causes

A 
Ischaemic heart disease
Cardiomyopathy
Constrictive pericarditis
Arrhythmia 
Iatrogenic- negative inotropes
39
Q

XA preload

A

Regurgitatant valvular murmur

Fluid overload- renal failure, IV fluids

40
Q

XS after load

A

AS

HTN

41
Q

Isolated RHF

A

Cor pulmonale

Primary pul HTN

42
Q

High output failure

A

Anaemia
Pregnancy
Metabolic– hyperthyroid, pagets

43
Q

Peripheral cyanosis

A 
PVD
Raynauds
CCF
Central cyanosis 
Shock
44
Q

Carotid pulse
Volume=
Character =

A

Volume: normal, thready, bounding
Character: normal

45
Q

Cardio causes finger clubbing

A

IE
atrial myxoma
Cyanotic CHD

46
Q

Nail fold infarcts

A

Vasculitis

SLE

IC3 Blue Book (16 decks)

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