Cranial Nerves Flashcards
Pupillary reflex
Afferent-2
Efferent-3
Marcus gunn pupil
Relative afferent pupillary defect
Optic nerve or retinal injury–
Affected pupil paradoxically dilates after a short time
Monocular blindness
MS
Giant cell arteritis
Bi temporal hemianopia
Pituitary adenomas
ICA aneurysm
Homonymous hemianopia
Post chiasm
Stroke
Abscess
Tumor
SAT
In attention CN2
Stroke
Diplopia look side
Lateral image from affected eye
Diplopia look down
Lower image from affected eye
Diplopia look up
Upper image from affected eye
Down and out and ptosis PUPIL DILATED
Complete CN3 palsy
Complete CN3 palsy
PCA aneurysm
RICP tentorial herniation
CN4 palsy
Alone-rare
Orbit trauma
Partial CN3 palsy
Diabetes– pupil spared
Why pupil sparing partial CN3?
Pial vessels spared which supply parasympathetic
CN6 palsy
Skull fracture Petrous bone
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
RICP (F localizing sign)
CN5 DD
Idio- trigeminal neuralgia
Acoustic neuroma
Herpes zoster
Deviation jaw CN5 palsy
Deviates towards side of weakness
Jaw jerk reflex
Stroke
MS
Tumor
Minimal or absent jaw jerk reflex
Normal
Brisk jaw jerk reflex
UMN
Bells sign
Upward gaze on attempted eye closure
LMN 7
Bells
Malignant parotid tumor
Ramsay hunt
Sarcoidosis– often bilateral
UMN 7
Stroke
Tumor
Conductive hearing loss
Rinnes- AB
Weber- affected ear
Sensorineural
Rinnes- normal
Weber- normal side
CN8 palsy
XS noise levels
Ménière’s disease
Furosemide
Amino glycosides- gentamicin
Change in taste
Chorda tympani
Loud noises
Nerve to stapedius
Bulbar palsy
LMN
Pseudobulbar palsy
UMN
LMN
MND Diptheria Polio GBS Syringobulbia
UMN
MND
Bilateral strokes- internal capsule
MS
Tongue LMN
Flaccid
Wasting
Fasciculations
Tongue UMN
Spastic
Contracted
Drooling and dysphonia… LMN
Tremulous lips
Drooling and dysphonia… UMN
Emotional lability
Cerebellopontine angle Tumor
Acoustic neuroma
Meningioma
Cp angle Tumor
5
7 + 8
5
9+ 10
Paget’s disease bone
5
7
8
Gradenigos syndrome
Complication of otitis media
5,6
Peri orbital unilateral pain-5
Diplopoa-6
Otorrhoea- infection
Syringobulbia
Bulbar palsy 9,10,11
Vertigo and nystagmus 8
Facial pain/ sensory loss 5
Sparing 7
Horners
Syringomyelia
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
3,4,6
5- pain and loss corneal reflex
Peri orbital oedema
Headache
Pro ptosis
Causes any cranial nerve palsy
Diabetes
Stroke
Ms
Tumor
SLE
Sarcoidosis
Vasculitis
Ptosis unilateral
CN3
Horners
Congenital
Bilateral ptosis
MG
myotonic dystrophy
Congenital
Opthalmoplegia
MG cn palsy Graves Wernicke Progressive supra nuclear palsy
INO DDX
MS
STROKE
LYME
TCA OD
Change in smell
Trauma
Frontal lobe Tumor
Meningitis