Curs 1- Sangele Flashcards

1
Q

Anticoagulante

A

Oxalat de Na, citrat de Na, heparina, EDTA

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2
Q

Functiile sangelui

A
Homeostazie
Transport (nutritiv, excretor, respirator)
Termoreglare
Reglare umorala
Mentinerea ph-ului
Imunitate
Hemostaza
Echi hidro-electrolitic
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3
Q

Hematocritul

A

procentul din volumul sanguin reprezentat de hematii

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4
Q

Ht val norm

A

f: 41-43%
m: 43-46%

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5
Q

Variatii fiziologice Ht

A
  1. Sex m>f
  2. Varsta- poliglobuluia nn
  3. Altitudine
  4. Locul recoltarii (putin in capilare, mult in splina)
  5. Pozitia subiectului (trecerea de la clino in orto statism)
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6
Q

Cresteri ale volumului sg

A
  1. Sex m>f
  2. Varsta nn termen 100ml/kg, nn prematur 100-110 ml/kg, vastnici-scazut
  3. Sarcina - creste cu 20-30% in trimestru 3
  4. Altitudine
  5. Sportivi
  6. Ingestie mare de lichide
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7
Q

Valori vol sanguin

A

m- 5-5,5L, 77ml/kg, 3100 ml/m2

f- 4,5-5L, 66ml/Kg, 2600 ml/m2q

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8
Q

Scaderi ale volumului sanguin

A
  1. Trecerea din clino in orto
  2. Obezi
  3. Transpiratii abundendete
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9
Q

Hormonul ADH - secretia stimulata de:

A

scaderea V sg -> logaritmic

cresterea pres osmotice -> liniar

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10
Q

Cresteri fiziologice ale densitatii sangelui

A

efort fizic, altitudine, deshidratare, transpiratii ->(hemoconcentratie)

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11
Q

Cresteri patologice ale densitatii sangelui

A

poliglobulii, soc, deshidrat - diaree/varsaturi

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12
Q

Vascozitatea

A

prop unui fluid de a si modifica lent forma sub actiunea unei cauze exterioare, depinde de elementele figurate (nr, deformabilitate si agregabilitate) si de prot plasmatice

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13
Q

Prop. sangelui

A
  1. Densitatea
  2. Vascozitatea
  3. Pres osm 290-310 mOsm/L
  4. Pres coloid-osm 25mmHG
  5. Reactia sangelui
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14
Q

Sisteme tampon in plasma si eritrocite

A

plasma: H2CO3/NaHCO3, proteina acida/proteinat de baza, NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4
eritrocit: Hb redusa/HbK, HbO2/HbO2K, KH2PO4/K2HPO4

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15
Q

Sisteme biologice pt mentinerea ph-ului

A
  1. Plaman - elim CO2 si ac volatili
  2. Piele- elim ac nevolatili
  3. Ficat- ac lactic-» glucoza
  4. Tb dig- in acidoza-> secr dig acide, in alcaloza-> secr dig alcaline
  5. Rinichi- elim ac nevolatili si secreta H+
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16
Q

Dezechilibre ac-baz pot fi:

A

respiratorii (modif pres CO2)

metabolice (modif concentratiei bicarbonatului(

17
Q

Modificarile compensate si decompensate

A

Modif compensate- nu se modif ph

Modic decompensate- modif a ph

18
Q

Acidoza respiratorie

A
pCO2 crescuta (hipercapnie), fiziologic- dimineata
patologic- scaderea supraf de sch pulm, obstructie cai resp, anomalii cutie tor, lezare centrii resp, hemoragii, barbiturice/morfina
19
Q

Acidoza metabolica

A

HCO3- scazut prin acumulare de ac nefolatili
fizio - efort
patologica - insuf renala, diabet, insuf hepatica, diaree

20
Q

Compensarea acidozei

A

hiperventilatie, elim renala de H+

21
Q

Alcaloza resp

A

pCO2 scazut (hipocapnie) hiperventilatie, altitudine, isterie

22
Q

Alcaloza metabolica

A

HCO3- crescut
fizio - vegetarieni
pato - ingerare subt alcaline, pierdere ioni H+ prin varsaturi, excretie renala de H+,d eficit de K

23
Q

Compensarea alcalozei

A

hipoventilatie, cresterea elim renale de HCO3-

24
Q

Variatii fiziologice ale pH-ului

A
  1. Varsta- alcalin la copii, acid la batrani
  2. Variatii ciclice diurne- pH mai acid dimineata pentru ca noaptea scade sensibilitatea centrilor resp la CO2
  3. In efort fizic- acumulare metaboliti
  4. Altitudine
  5. Fazele gastrice