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Physics Year 10 > Current Electricty > Flashcards

Current Electricty Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the equation linking energy current and time and voltage

A

Energy = current x voltage x time

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2
Q

What is the equation linking energy charge and voltage

A

Energy = charge x voltage

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3
Q

What is the equation linking charge current and time

A

Charge = current x time

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4
Q

What is resistance

A

Voltage over current

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5
Q

What is energy measured in

A

Joules

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6
Q

What direction does current flow

A

Positive to negative

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7
Q

What happens in a parallel circuit

A

Cell runs down more quickly
Voltage across each branch is the same as the supply
Current in branches equal that of supply

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8
Q

What happens in series circuit

A

Voltage across the circuit = supply

Current is the same everywhere

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9
Q

What is a straight line graph show

A

Directly proportional

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10
Q

Why does resistance increase with voltage and current

A

Lamp Gets hotter so it’s harder for the current to get through this increases resistance as the particles vibrate more and it’s harder for the electrons to flow through

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11
Q

What is an ldr

A

Light dependent resistor that resistance depends on the intensity of light falling on it an example is automatic street lamps

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12
Q

What is mains electricity

A

230 volts

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13
Q

What is a thermistor

A

Temperature dependent resistor as temperature increases resistance decreased

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14
Q

Example of thermistor

A

In fridges when the fridge gets to hot the thermistor will activate the circuit

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15
Q

What is a diode

A

Allows current to flow in one way only . If diode is connected wrong way no current will flow

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16
Q

How do u activate diode

A

Voltage of 0.7 v must bbe applied to the diode

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17
Q

What is a rhetostat

A

Type of variable resistor . Long coil of resistance wire with a sliding contact .

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18
Q

What happens as you bring in more cool on the rhetostat

A

More coil increases resistance and current goes down

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19
Q

What is a series circuit

A

Single loop with only one path for charges to flow

20
Q

What is a parallel circuit

A

Junctions so there is more than one path for current to flow

21
Q

Why do bulbs glow brighter in parallel

A

Parallel as voltage is the same everywhere

22
Q

What has a modern household circuit got

A

Lighting circuit

Main power circuit

23
Q

What are the modern house hold circuits protected by

A

Lighting - 5 amp fuse
Power circuit - 30 amp fuse
Each power point in the house is protected by a fuse

24
Q

What is the live wire

A

Comes from power station and is the most dangerous as mains voltage can easily kill you

25
Q

What is the neural wire

A

Completes the circuit comes from power station and is earthed back to power station so does not carry as much voltage as the live wire

26
Q

What is the earth wire

A

For safety , only carries current when there is a fault so that a fuse melts

27
Q

How is the current supplied in your house

A

Alternating current - current flows one way and then the opposite way , 50 times each way each second

28
Q

What do fuses do

A

Melt if current is too high and stop current flow before anything else is damaged or a fire is started

29
Q

What must you do if a fuse melts

A

Switch off the circuit
Find reason for the fault
Replace fuse

30
Q

When is the earth wire used

A

If a fault develops in an appliance and the live wire touches the metal case a large current flows from live wire to earth wire and the fuse breaks

31
Q

Where must the fuse be placed

A

In the live wire so it can isolate the appliance from the live wire

32
Q

What does double insulated mean

A

Doesn’t need an earth wire as it has an insulating plastic case so no risk of electric shock if the live wire touches casing

33
Q

Why r circuit breakers better than fuses

A

Acts more quickly more reliable and can be reset

34
Q

What is direct supply

A

From cell or battery of cells and has direct current meaning current only flows in one direction from positive to negative

35
Q

How do circuit breakers work

A

A switch opens if too large a current flows and causes the circuit to be incomplete . Once the fault has been corrected the switch is reset by pressing a reset button and does not have to be replaced

36
Q

What does the earth wire provide

A

Los resistance path for current to flow

37
Q

Where should switches be in mains electricity

A

In the live wire so when the switch is open no electrical energy can reach the appliance if the witch was in the neutral wire electrical energy would still be able to reach the appliance and possible cause electric shock

38
Q

Dangers of mains electricity

A

Too many plugs in one socket can cause overheating of cables and fire. Overhrating can also occur from long coiled cables
Water near sockets / switches
Frayed cables / damaged insulation

39
Q

What happens to components in parralel

A

Can be switched on and off independently

40
Q

What are the 4 equations

A

Charge = current x time
Energy = charge x voltage
Resistance = voltage over current
Electrical power = current x voltage

41
Q

Why is the outer plug made of plastic

A

Good insulator so no electric shock

42
Q

Why are connections in mains made of brass

A

Good conductor

43
Q

Why are frayed wires bad

A

Exposes metal carrying electricity could cause electric shock

44
Q

What is the purpose of the cable grip

A

Stops the cable and wires from being pulled out the plug

45
Q

Alternating current

A

Current which constantly changes direction

Physics Year 10 (5 decks)

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