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cures for sale Flashcards

1
Q

Describe traditional remedies for warts

A

Rub with raw potato and bury potato in clay

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2
Q

DESCRIE what traditional remedies based on

A

Similarly = find something similar, count warts and put an equal number of stones in bag and bury it or
Contact = with something, rub the wart with a pieces of stolen beef then buddy meet

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3
Q

Describe what warts are

A

Virus and immune system will eventually get rid of it
80% with spontaneously disspeear in less tan 2 years
Ignorance and chance leads to belief systems of all types of remedies

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4
Q

DESCRIbe remedy systems

A

Herbal remedies, diets, herbs, vitamins
Homeopathy, naturopathy, auryveda

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5
Q

Describe evidence based medicines

A

Synthesis or plant derived
Still a drug tho, not safe since comes from plant
CAN ONLY TRUST EVIDENCE BASED MEDICIENS

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6
Q

Describe alternative medicines

A

No evidence, no reliable evidence they work
If found evidence = becomes conventional medicine, evidence based

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7
Q

Describe conventional medicine

A

Preclinical evaluations
Acute and chronic toxicity
Teratogens
Clinical trials
Is it safe, does it work
How does it compare to available drugs

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8
Q

Do alternative remedies have quality control

A

Nooo
No research costs either
Usually if someone does research on it = proves it doesn’t work

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9
Q

Describe alternative medicine marketing techniques

A

Testimonials
Folklore - concepts its folk remember, tradition
Belief system - semi religious aspect
Internet advertising to manipulate ppl

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10
Q

Descrie placeboa

A

I will please
At least 1/3 of ppl feel placebo
Time course varies with disorder
Relationship to caregivers
Ritual of taking medicine
Strength of belief
Belief it will work = more chance placebo affects

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11
Q

Descrie producsts in stores

A

> 1500 products in stores in alternative medicine stores, healthy food stress and many pharmaceuticals
Much profits pppl make
<40% products used are reported to physician, some have actual biologically active ingredients but not reported

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12
Q

Herbalist

A

Anyone can call themselves a herbalist and sell cures on internet = no diplomas are anything

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13
Q

Describe overal = alternative meds

A

No testing, no quality control, not evidence it works, very cheap to make, enormous profit in sales
Internet, door to door sales
Do not know what in the them
Some have arsenic, alsoprescription meds
Bugs, plants
Relaxed rules in Canada

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14
Q

Describe umary

A

Do not what in there
Natural product sold online for arthritis
Consume hospitalized with heart, liver, Kidney, toxicity
Contained 4x recommended dose of prescription nsaid drug, risk of gi bleeding, heart attack,stroke, kidney, liver toxicity = severe

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15
Q

Describe herb al remedies for fever blisters

A

Won’t work = caused by herpes simplex virus
Needs acyclovir to inhibit viral synthesis of dna

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16
Q

What is homeopathy

A

Derived from belief system = law of similars or like cures
Remember must produce same symptoms as disease
Use toxic plants, infected body fluids, arsenic, snake venom, cyanide, diseases animal tissue, insect parts
Special ritual to create/capture cure
Late 1700s Samuel hanneman
= counteract disease by creating symptoms the same as disease, special ritual

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17
Q

Describe ritual of potentization

A

Keep duliting, continue 30x times
By end = just had water but ritual conserved magic properties
Start with animal parts, toxic plants, infectious body fluid
Ritual = dilute (1 in 100) and bang 30 times (succession) to potentize water = transfer magic powers to water

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18
Q

Describe potentization = specifics

A

Dilute 1:100
Shake/bang container
Repeat 30 times
Final concentration = 1/10^60 essentially 0
Belief = properties of drug remain even after substance is gone, vigorous shaking between dilutions will potentize water
Water retains memory and can act spiritually

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19
Q

Describe homeopathy marketing

A

V effective
Special therapy, words like journey and stuff makes it seem more legitimize, like branch of medicine

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20
Q

Describe homeopathy profits

A

Making a fortune
Many countries now ban it= bc know it is not proper treatment

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21
Q

DESCRribe pharmacies montreal

A

Selling homeopathy along with tested drugs
Canada has not changed rules

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22
Q

Describe oscillococcinum

A

Expensive surgery water
Influenza can be lethal
Fever can be harmful = brain damages
Effective drugs exist

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23
Q

Can placebo be bad - heomeopthay

A

Yea Cuse diseases dangerous so
Need real meds

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24
Q

Describe vaccine - homepathy study

A

Claim = immunize against influenza, whooping cough, measles, diphtheria, polio
BUT CONATISN nothing
Study = 3 Canadian unis did study = placebo controlled trial comparing antibody responses to homeopathic and conventional vaccines in uni students
= homeopathy doesn’t work, neither does placebo

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25
Describe herbal remedies
Global market enormous Enticing ads everywhere Marketing claims = from a plant so it will be safe
26
Describe prime targets for herbal remedies
Conditions that resolve anyway = aches and pains Conditions with high psychological component = feeling down/nervous Chronic conditions that naturally cycle= arthritis Attempts to improve appreance, reverse aging,lose weight Cure terminal illness
27
Describe herbal toxicologi
Lost Bible of herbal remedies =connection with past and religion Growth in field of herbal remedies = growth in field herbal toxicology
28
Describe herbal remedies for cataracts
Gingko Biloba = Herbs will help Not trueeee Need outpatient surgery - with artificial lens
29
Describe hers for alopecia
Also for hair loss, baldness = Shen min `
30
Describe hgh
Lean muscle without exercise Removed wrinkles and cellulite Lower bc and improve cholesterol Unsolicited email ad = marketing technique, saying that ou need to take them six months or a year to feel effects
31
What do they usually advertise
Without side effects All drugs are chemicals and all plants are chemicals = most ppl don’t think that bc no scientific knowledge = vulnerable
32
Describe Palmetto
Pro-men For men Urinary problems In double blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial, = saw palmetto no more effective than placebo for urinary symptoms
33
Describe vaegra
Like viagra Deceptive name implies perscription drug = useless mixture of herbs, an amino acid and a vitamin and a mineral sold by mail order will do nothing for impotence Herbal pretending to be percription drug
34
Describe Accra-rx and yilishen
Sold on websites as dietary supplements for treating erecitle dis function and enhancing sexual performance for men Illegally contain perscription strength quantities of sildenafil - viagra Serious drug interactions Perscription pre tending to be herbal
35
Describe yohimbe
Marketed for increased sexual performances, body building Powerful drug in it tho = alpha 2 blocker in periphery and in cns = Brain Marketed for impotence Many side effects = seizures, paralysis, cna skill you
36
Describe herbal comestics
Won’t kill you Expsive No evidence Don’t wor Face lift/body lift = don’t work
37
Describe peelu
All natural toothpaste Infettecive tho = no fluoride so high risk cavities
38
Describe leritone
Make you smarter Advertised at McGill Cerebral phospholipids = cow Brains - now from egg yolk Ovophospholipids = just egg yolk Doesn’t work
39
Describe hepatitis c dietary supplements
Noooo doesn’t work Hep c = curable, very effective drug = antiviral drug Uses d to e lethal chronic viral disorder that gradually erodes liver, = end result is liver cancer that kills you
40
What is health fraud
Cruel from of greed, particularly regarding cancer treatments, deprive victims of effective therapy
41
Describe cancer cures
Internet full 3 approved paths to Graveyard = cut surgery, burn radiation, poison drugs = try to say doctors and health professionals are all crooks
42
Describe osteoarthritis
No herbal shown to wok NSAIDs work well, if bad enough = surgical repair with artificial knees Recommend against glucosamine and chondroitin, and acupuncture
43
Describe snake oil
Would make anything = cures all
44
Describe oregano oil
More modern versions One the most effective antibiotics known to science Sold it all over place to cure anything Bacterial infections, fungal infections, parasites, viruses, inflammation Won’t work tho = not substitute of antibiotics Hooping cough = serious disease, need effective vaccines /drugs to treat it Use 1-3 drops 3x a day to supercharge immune system and maintain good health -= not tru, wont work, In reality = significance side effects of organon oil = adversitied as no side effects bu wrong = miscarriage, fetal harm, allergic reactions, drug interactions In Canada = kid died bc mom treated strep throat with oregano oil Son died of meningitis e bc used natural remedies
45
Describe echinacea
Not as toxic but doesn’t do much Advertised as king of blood purifiers, treat many things, boost immune system Reality = doesn’t work, expert studies document no value, no evidence of useful ness No value against rhinovirus
46
What is ephedra
Stimulant, very dangerous and powerful Usually with caffeine or ginger = in many Chinese remedies Used to help obesity, asthma, increase athletic ability Didn’t work, ppl died Banned in 2003 = Baltimore orioles pitcher Steve belcher too it and died, though it’s would help performance Risks = myocardial infarction, stroke, death (vasoconstriction to brain and heart) Banned but ongoing attempts yo allow sale again, still widely advertised and sol on internet
47
Describe therapeutic classes to cause drug induced liver injury
Herbal and dietary supplements = 16,53%
48
Describe kava
Natures answer to stress, anxiety and insomnia, Bu had cns effects = toxic plant, hallucinations, hepatotoxicty
49
Describe green tea extract
Prohibited in Canada Green tea extracts are highly concentrated Can get off internet but bad
50
Describe chemical content of herbs
Chemical content varies with soil = toxicity can differ between products bc taking things from earths and soil grown on
51
Describe Chinese remedies
Contains, plant, animals, seafoods Rhino horn=therapy for impotence Diff parts good for diff parts of body = eyeballs of tiger for episelpsy… 20-30 diff ingredients, have found some that work Toxicity and drug interactions hard to predict
52
Describe drug herbal interaction
Potential Can induce or inhibit cup enzymes = most common P450 3a4
53
Describe St. John’s wort
Induction of cyp3a4, metabolism >50% drugs Side effects and many drug interactions Not effective either Therapeutic drugs inactivated- ex = aids drugs
54
What does St. John’s wort interact with
Antidepressants, toxic levels serotonin Antiepilepticcs - seizures Oral contraceptive = pregnant HIV protease inhibitors = aids Digoxin = heart filaure Immunosuppressants = reject organ Warfarin = stoke, infarct Statins = infarct, strok Chemo = tumour growth Photosensitivity
55
Describe flavonoids
In grapefruit juice too Decrease cyp3a4 Therapeutic drugs now toxic Drugs can end up being toxic in if take with herbal remedies = midozalam, nifedipine, tamoxifen, getfitinib, loratdadine, diazepam
56
Describe herbal/oral contraceptive interactions
Teratogenic = do not know long term outcome
57
Describe red flags for fraud
Ppl vulnerable = Cure all - for unrelated disease Quick fix = within days Ancient remedy or secrete formula Revolutionary or new science Amazing results, difficult to verify My tumour shrunk = unproven testimonials Act now = limited avibalaibiy Lose weight = no diet or exercise Money back guarantee Quack watch!!!
58
Why are alt remedies popular and what can we learn form this
People response to personal attention Desire to take control Want a belief system May be cheaper if no medical care Internet fraud increasingly prevlane
59
Describe magic positions present throughout history
Fountain of youth, love potion, cure all, athletic super pill Think about psychological vs pharmacological, beware of subsutited for religion
60
Bad about herbal remedies
Lose money, miss effective treatment/harm
61
Is homeopathy = harmless place
Nooo Since basically water - person coul actually be cured with valid rug
62
Describe over counter drugs
Have been shown to work Have side effects on bottle Most sold for pain relief, cough and cold relief, digestive intestinal health treatment, allergy
63
When do drugs become otcs
With perscription drugs = if very effective and safe = with few side effects then becomes octs Side effects, indications and contraindication = all on bottle Do not need prescription
64
Most drugs sold for what
Pain relief Many drugs contain acetaminophen Added to many things Should now what’s in them and never take multiple, drugs with acteopminpgen Bc overdose = 6600 mg in 24hrs, >3000 ppl/year hospitalized with overdose Antidote = ACETYLCYSTEINE, only 1-2% die
65
What does otcs do
Won’t cure but treat symptoms of colds nd allergies
66
Describe product testing
Confirmed by symptom relief Paid ppl, get inoculated with cold virus and then get treatment and see if work
67
Describe nasal sprays
vasoconstriction Decrease edge a +/- secretion, decreased During cold = get vasodilation of extensive vasculature of nose and leakage of fluid, secretion of mucous
68
How do nasal sprays work
Selective alpha 1 agonist = vasocnsurtion Causes smooth muscle contraction Phenylephrine = stimulate it = end up with vasoconstriction, limited amount of drugs can act on alpha 1 Derivative = pseudoephedrine, omzymetazoline (nasal spray, long acting, last all day so can breathe properly) relief if nasal congestion v effective But should only take for small amount of time
69
Describe allergies
Seasonal, worst during pollen sans In allergic reaction = histamine released Initial contact with allergenic then have whole immmune reaction, when pollen reacts with IGE on inflammatory cell = end up with allergic reaction Histamine released, acts on receptor, g coupled protein receptor = increased vasodilation, vascular permeability, afternoon neuron stimulation, smooth muscles constarction = biological activity, many things in nose
70
Describe drugs to treat allergic reactions
Major category useful drugs = antihistamines
71
Describe continual improvement in drug deisign for allergies
Continual analysis of side or beneficial effects = how they generated = get diff dens fo drugs, get better and better First gen = inexpensive, wide use globally, sedation from action on H receptors on brain, short t1/2 Second gen = less cross bbb, less sedation, longer t1/2, but can cause arrhythmia if liver metabolism impaired Third gen = active metabolites of Gen 2 with + clinical benefit and no cardiovascular toxicity
72
Describe acne treatment
Many topic antibiotic retinoids available
73
Describe wound acre =
Antibiotic treatment useful Helps get rid of bacteria Antibiotics works and can use them and buy them oct
74
Describe treatment athletes foot
Antifungnal topic preparation = used to have foot amputations, soldiers would get disease Tolnaftate Miconazole Others Act on nuclei acid synthesis, cell wall, cell membrane, nuclear division
75
Describe mechanism antifungla drugs
Pore formation
76
What’s is heartburn
Sensation due to acid reflux = acid overproduced by parietal cells in eso = Hcl Treat with antacids
77
How to antacids work
Neutralize hcl in stomach Would have to use all the time
78
Describe mechanism of acid reflux
Histamine stimulates parietal cells to secrete hcl = h2 receptor in parietal cell in stomach = if block = helps Also proton pump in gastric lumen = can directly block acid secretion
79
Describe first Gen h2 blocker
Good bu have some p450 enzymes blocked Tagamet
80
Second Gen h2 blockers
No p450 inhibition Just a good - second Gen h2 blocker Zantac, Pepcid
81
Describe proton pump inhitors
Ex = omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, esomeprazole = all are prodrugs Must be activated by acid Great for ulcers and ppl with gastric issues
82
Describe cosntipation
Gi problem Oat bran muffins, Metamucil = fibre Fibre = bulk, increase intestines Osmotic = increase water Stimulate = activate neurons Softeners = mainly oils
83
Describe diarrhea meds
Loperamide Imodium Cannot cross bbb opioid agonist, no cans affects Acts on mu opioid receptors in walls of inesteines = slow down peristalsis contractions Not additive Inhibits a h release Few side effects
84
Describe osteoporosis
20% in males 25% in females Low exercise, poor diet, low calcium, smoking, lower peak bone mass= higher chance, ore vulnerable for osteoporosis Lifestyle main factor =can e preevnted, drugs available for treatment Calcium supplemts = same as chalk = calcium carbonate Want to keep balance between osteoclasts and Osteoblasst Also drugs to increase bone formation = calcium supplements Over 7 year time span = calcium supplements have really helped, Especially if have small bones = lower risk of fractures, hip, vertebral and wrist
85
What drugs must have
Quality control Evidence of efficacy List of potential side effects Continual monitoring for rare reactions, interactions
86
How to cure warts
Viruses Know have to deal with it = salicylic acid wart remover Dissolves warts in 1/2 weeks

PHAR 300 (22 decks)

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