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PHAR 300 > cures for sale > Flashcards

cures for sale Flashcards

1
Q

Describe traditional remedies for warts

A

Rub with raw potato and bury potato in clay

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2
Q

DESCRIE what traditional remedies based on

A

Similarly = find something similar, count warts and put an equal number of stones in bag and bury it or
Contact = with something, rub the wart with a pieces of stolen beef then buddy meet

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3
Q

Describe what warts are

A

Virus and immune system will eventually get rid of it
80% with spontaneously disspeear in less tan 2 years
Ignorance and chance leads to belief systems of all types of remedies

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4
Q

DESCRIbe remedy systems

A

Herbal remedies, diets, herbs, vitamins
Homeopathy, naturopathy, auryveda

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5
Q

Describe evidence based medicines

A

Synthesis or plant derived
Still a drug tho, not safe since comes from plant
CAN ONLY TRUST EVIDENCE BASED MEDICIENS

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6
Q

Describe alternative medicines

A

No evidence, no reliable evidence they work
If found evidence = becomes conventional medicine, evidence based

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7
Q

Describe conventional medicine

A

Preclinical evaluations
Acute and chronic toxicity
Teratogens
Clinical trials
Is it safe, does it work
How does it compare to available drugs

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8
Q

Do alternative remedies have quality control

A

Nooo
No research costs either
Usually if someone does research on it = proves it doesn’t work

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9
Q

Describe alternative medicine marketing techniques

A

Testimonials
Folklore - concepts its folk remember, tradition
Belief system - semi religious aspect
Internet advertising to manipulate ppl

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10
Q

Descrie placeboa

A

I will please
At least 1/3 of ppl feel placebo
Time course varies with disorder
Relationship to caregivers
Ritual of taking medicine
Strength of belief
Belief it will work = more chance placebo affects

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11
Q

Descrie producsts in stores

A

> 1500 products in stores in alternative medicine stores, healthy food stress and many pharmaceuticals
Much profits pppl make
<40% products used are reported to physician, some have actual biologically active ingredients but not reported

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12
Q

Herbalist

A

Anyone can call themselves a herbalist and sell cures on internet = no diplomas are anything

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13
Q

Describe overal = alternative meds

A

No testing, no quality control, not evidence it works, very cheap to make, enormous profit in sales
Internet, door to door sales
Do not know what in the them
Some have arsenic, alsoprescription meds
Bugs, plants
Relaxed rules in Canada

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14
Q

Describe umary

A

Do not what in there
Natural product sold online for arthritis
Consume hospitalized with heart, liver, Kidney, toxicity
Contained 4x recommended dose of prescription nsaid drug, risk of gi bleeding, heart attack,stroke, kidney, liver toxicity = severe

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15
Q

Describe herb al remedies for fever blisters

A

Won’t work = caused by herpes simplex virus
Needs acyclovir to inhibit viral synthesis of dna

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16
Q

What is homeopathy

A

Derived from belief system = law of similars or like cures
Remember must produce same symptoms as disease
Use toxic plants, infected body fluids, arsenic, snake venom, cyanide, diseases animal tissue, insect parts
Special ritual to create/capture cure
Late 1700s Samuel hanneman
= counteract disease by creating symptoms the same as disease, special ritual

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17
Q

Describe ritual of potentization

A

Keep duliting, continue 30x times
By end = just had water but ritual conserved magic properties
Start with animal parts, toxic plants, infectious body fluid
Ritual = dilute (1 in 100) and bang 30 times (succession) to potentize water = transfer magic powers to water

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18
Q

Describe potentization = specifics

A

Dilute 1:100
Shake/bang container
Repeat 30 times
Final concentration = 1/10^60 essentially 0
Belief = properties of drug remain even after substance is gone, vigorous shaking between dilutions will potentize water
Water retains memory and can act spiritually

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19
Q

Describe homeopathy marketing

A

V effective
Special therapy, words like journey and stuff makes it seem more legitimize, like branch of medicine

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20
Q

Describe homeopathy profits

A

Making a fortune
Many countries now ban it= bc know it is not proper treatment

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21
Q

DESCRribe pharmacies montreal

A

Selling homeopathy along with tested drugs
Canada has not changed rules

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22
Q

Describe oscillococcinum

A

Expensive surgery water
Influenza can be lethal
Fever can be harmful = brain damages
Effective drugs exist

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23
Q

Can placebo be bad - heomeopthay

A

Yea Cuse diseases dangerous so
Need real meds

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24
Q

Describe vaccine - homepathy study

A

Claim = immunize against influenza, whooping cough, measles, diphtheria, polio
BUT CONATISN nothing
Study = 3 Canadian unis did study = placebo controlled trial comparing antibody responses to homeopathic and conventional vaccines in uni students
= homeopathy doesn’t work, neither does placebo

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25
Q

Describe herbal remedies

A

Global market enormous
Enticing ads everywhere
Marketing claims = from a plant so it will be safe

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26
Q

Describe prime targets for herbal remedies

A

Conditions that resolve anyway = aches and pains
Conditions with high psychological component = feeling down/nervous
Chronic conditions that naturally cycle= arthritis
Attempts to improve appreance, reverse aging,lose weight
Cure terminal illness

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27
Q

Describe herbal toxicologi

A

Lost Bible of herbal remedies =connection with past and religion
Growth in field of herbal remedies = growth in field herbal toxicology

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28
Q

Describe herbal remedies for cataracts

A

Gingko Biloba =
Herbs will help
Not trueeee
Need outpatient surgery - with artificial lens

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29
Q

Describe hers for alopecia

A

Also for hair loss, baldness = Shen min `

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30
Q

Describe hgh

A

Lean muscle without exercise
Removed wrinkles and cellulite
Lower bc and improve cholesterol
Unsolicited email ad
= marketing technique, saying that ou need to take them six months or a year to feel effects

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31
Q

What do they usually advertise

A

Without side effects
All drugs are chemicals and all plants are chemicals = most ppl don’t think that bc no scientific knowledge = vulnerable

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32
Q

Describe Palmetto

A

Pro-men
For men
Urinary problems
In double blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial, = saw palmetto no more effective than placebo for urinary symptoms

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33
Q

Describe vaegra

A

Like viagra
Deceptive name implies perscription drug = useless mixture of herbs, an amino acid and a vitamin and a mineral sold by mail order will do nothing for impotence
Herbal pretending to be percription drug

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34
Q

Describe Accra-rx and yilishen

A

Sold on websites as dietary supplements for treating erecitle dis function and enhancing sexual performance for men
Illegally contain perscription strength quantities of sildenafil - viagra
Serious drug interactions
Perscription pre tending to be herbal

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35
Q

Describe yohimbe

A

Marketed for increased sexual performances, body building
Powerful drug in it tho = alpha 2 blocker in periphery and in cns = Brain
Marketed for impotence
Many side effects = seizures, paralysis, cna skill you

36
Q

Describe herbal comestics

A

Won’t kill you
Expsive
No evidence
Don’t wor
Face lift/body lift = don’t work

37
Q

Describe peelu

A

All natural toothpaste
Infettecive tho = no fluoride so high risk cavities

38
Q

Describe leritone

A

Make you smarter
Advertised at McGill
Cerebral phospholipids = cow Brains - now from egg yolk
Ovophospholipids = just egg yolk
Doesn’t work

39
Q

Describe hepatitis c dietary supplements

A

Noooo doesn’t work
Hep c = curable, very effective drug = antiviral drug
Uses d to e lethal chronic viral disorder that gradually erodes liver, = end result is liver cancer that kills you

40
Q

What is health fraud

A

Cruel from of greed, particularly regarding cancer treatments, deprive victims of effective therapy

41
Q

Describe cancer cures

A

Internet full
3 approved paths to Graveyard = cut surgery, burn radiation, poison drugs = try to say doctors and health professionals are all crooks

42
Q

Describe osteoarthritis

A

No herbal shown to wok
NSAIDs work well, if bad enough = surgical repair with artificial knees
Recommend against glucosamine and chondroitin, and acupuncture

43
Q

Describe snake oil

A

Would make anything = cures all

44
Q

Describe oregano oil

A

More modern versions
One the most effective antibiotics known to science
Sold it all over place to cure anything
Bacterial infections, fungal infections, parasites, viruses, inflammation
Won’t work tho = not substitute of antibiotics
Hooping cough = serious disease, need effective vaccines /drugs to treat it
Use 1-3 drops 3x a day to supercharge immune system and maintain good health -= not tru, wont work,
In reality = significance side effects of organon oil = adversitied as no side effects bu wrong = miscarriage, fetal harm, allergic reactions, drug interactions
In Canada = kid died bc mom treated strep throat with oregano oil
Son died of meningitis e bc used natural remedies

45
Q

Describe echinacea

A

Not as toxic but doesn’t do much
Advertised as king of blood purifiers, treat many things, boost immune system
Reality = doesn’t work, expert studies document no value, no evidence of useful ness
No value against rhinovirus

46
Q

What is ephedra

A

Stimulant, very dangerous and powerful
Usually with caffeine or ginger = in many Chinese remedies
Used to help obesity, asthma, increase athletic ability
Didn’t work, ppl died
Banned in 2003 = Baltimore orioles pitcher Steve belcher too it and died, though it’s would help performance
Risks = myocardial infarction, stroke, death (vasoconstriction to brain and heart)
Banned but ongoing attempts yo allow sale again, still widely advertised and sol on internet

47
Q

Describe therapeutic classes to cause drug induced liver injury

A

Herbal and dietary supplements = 16,53%

48
Q

Describe kava

A

Natures answer to stress, anxiety and insomnia,
Bu had cns effects = toxic plant, hallucinations, hepatotoxicty

49
Q

Describe green tea extract

A

Prohibited in Canada
Green tea extracts are highly concentrated
Can get off internet but bad

50
Q

Describe chemical content of herbs

A

Chemical content varies with soil = toxicity can differ between products bc taking things from earths and soil grown on

51
Q

Describe Chinese remedies

A

Contains, plant, animals, seafoods
Rhino horn=therapy for impotence
Diff parts good for diff parts of body = eyeballs of tiger for episelpsy…
20-30 diff ingredients, have found some that work
Toxicity and drug interactions hard to predict

52
Q

Describe drug herbal interaction

A

Potential
Can induce or inhibit cup enzymes = most common
P450 3a4

53
Q

Describe St. John’s wort

A

Induction of cyp3a4, metabolism >50% drugs
Side effects and many drug interactions
Not effective either
Therapeutic drugs inactivated- ex = aids drugs

54
Q

What does St. John’s wort interact with

A

Antidepressants, toxic levels serotonin
Antiepilepticcs - seizures
Oral contraceptive = pregnant
HIV protease inhibitors = aids
Digoxin = heart filaure
Immunosuppressants = reject organ
Warfarin = stoke, infarct
Statins = infarct, strok
Chemo = tumour growth
Photosensitivity

55
Q

Describe flavonoids

A

In grapefruit juice too
Decrease cyp3a4
Therapeutic drugs now toxic
Drugs can end up being toxic in if take with herbal remedies = midozalam, nifedipine, tamoxifen, getfitinib, loratdadine, diazepam

56
Q

Describe herbal/oral contraceptive interactions

A

Teratogenic = do not know long term outcome

57
Q

Describe red flags for fraud

A

Ppl vulnerable =
Cure all - for unrelated disease
Quick fix = within days
Ancient remedy or secrete formula
Revolutionary or new science
Amazing results, difficult to verify
My tumour shrunk = unproven testimonials
Act now = limited avibalaibiy
Lose weight = no diet or exercise
Money back guarantee
Quack watch!!!

58
Q

Why are alt remedies popular and what can we learn form this

A

People response to personal attention
Desire to take control
Want a belief system
May be cheaper if no medical care
Internet fraud increasingly prevlane

59
Q

Describe magic positions present throughout history

A

Fountain of youth, love potion, cure all, athletic super pill
Think about psychological vs pharmacological, beware of subsutited for religion

60
Q

Bad about herbal remedies

A

Lose money, miss effective treatment/harm

61
Q

Is homeopathy = harmless place

A

Nooo
Since basically water
- person coul actually be cured with valid rug

62
Q

Describe over counter drugs

A

Have been shown to work
Have side effects on bottle
Most sold for pain relief, cough and cold relief, digestive intestinal health treatment, allergy

63
Q

When do drugs become otcs

A

With perscription drugs = if very effective and safe = with few side effects then becomes octs
Side effects, indications and contraindication = all on bottle
Do not need prescription

64
Q

Most drugs sold for what

A

Pain relief
Many drugs contain acetaminophen
Added to many things
Should now what’s in them and never take multiple, drugs with acteopminpgen
Bc overdose = 6600 mg in 24hrs,
>3000 ppl/year hospitalized with overdose
Antidote = ACETYLCYSTEINE, only 1-2% die

65
Q

What does otcs do

A

Won’t cure but treat symptoms of colds nd allergies

66
Q

Describe product testing

A

Confirmed by symptom relief
Paid ppl, get inoculated with cold virus and then get treatment and see if work

67
Q

Describe nasal sprays

A

vasoconstriction
Decrease edge a
+/- secretion, decreased
During cold = get vasodilation of extensive vasculature of nose and leakage of fluid, secretion of mucous

68
Q

How do nasal sprays work

A

Selective alpha 1 agonist = vasocnsurtion
Causes smooth muscle contraction
Phenylephrine = stimulate it = end up with vasoconstriction, limited amount of drugs can act on alpha 1
Derivative = pseudoephedrine, omzymetazoline (nasal spray, long acting, last all day so can breathe properly) relief if nasal congestion v effective
But should only take for small amount of time

69
Q

Describe allergies

A

Seasonal, worst during pollen sans
In allergic reaction = histamine released
Initial contact with allergenic then have whole immmune reaction, when pollen reacts with IGE on inflammatory cell = end up with allergic reaction
Histamine released, acts on receptor, g coupled protein receptor = increased vasodilation, vascular permeability, afternoon neuron stimulation, smooth muscles constarction = biological activity, many things in nose

70
Q

Describe drugs to treat allergic reactions

A

Major category useful drugs = antihistamines

71
Q

Describe continual improvement in drug deisign for allergies

A

Continual analysis of side or beneficial effects = how they generated = get diff dens fo drugs, get better and better
First gen = inexpensive, wide use globally, sedation from action on H receptors on brain, short t1/2
Second gen = less cross bbb, less sedation, longer t1/2, but can cause arrhythmia if liver metabolism impaired
Third gen = active metabolites of Gen 2 with + clinical benefit and no cardiovascular toxicity

72
Q

Describe acne treatment

A

Many topic antibiotic retinoids available

73
Q

Describe wound acre =

A

Antibiotic treatment useful
Helps get rid of bacteria
Antibiotics works and can use them and buy them oct

74
Q

Describe treatment athletes foot

A

Antifungnal topic preparation = used to have foot amputations, soldiers would get disease
Tolnaftate
Miconazole
Others
Act on nuclei acid synthesis, cell wall, cell membrane, nuclear division

75
Q

Describe mechanism antifungla drugs

A

Pore formation

76
Q

What’s is heartburn

A

Sensation due to acid reflux = acid overproduced by parietal cells in eso
= Hcl
Treat with antacids

77
Q

How to antacids work

A

Neutralize hcl in stomach
Would have to use all the time

78
Q

Describe mechanism of acid reflux

A

Histamine stimulates parietal cells to secrete hcl = h2 receptor in parietal cell in stomach = if block = helps
Also proton pump in gastric lumen = can directly block acid secretion

79
Q

Describe first Gen h2 blocker

A

Good bu have some p450 enzymes blocked
Tagamet

80
Q

Second Gen h2 blockers

A

No p450 inhibition
Just a good - second Gen h2 blocker
Zantac, Pepcid

81
Q

Describe proton pump inhitors

A

Ex = omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, esomeprazole
= all are prodrugs
Must be activated by acid
Great for ulcers and ppl with gastric issues

82
Q

Describe cosntipation

A

Gi problem
Oat bran muffins, Metamucil = fibre
Fibre = bulk, increase intestines
Osmotic = increase water
Stimulate = activate neurons
Softeners = mainly oils

83
Q

Describe diarrhea meds

A

Loperamide
Imodium
Cannot cross bbb opioid agonist, no cans affects
Acts on mu opioid receptors in walls of inesteines = slow down peristalsis contractions
Not additive
Inhibits a h release
Few side effects

84
Q

Describe osteoporosis

A

20% in males 25% in females
Low exercise, poor diet, low calcium, smoking, lower peak bone mass= higher chance, ore vulnerable for osteoporosis
Lifestyle main factor =can e preevnted, drugs available for treatment
Calcium supplemts = same as chalk = calcium carbonate
Want to keep balance between osteoclasts and Osteoblasst
Also drugs to increase bone formation = calcium supplements
Over 7 year time span = calcium supplements have really helped, Especially if have small bones = lower risk of fractures, hip, vertebral and wrist

85
Q

What drugs must have

A

Quality control
Evidence of efficacy
List of potential side effects
Continual monitoring for rare reactions, interactions

86
Q

How to cure warts

A

Viruses
Know have to deal with it
= salicylic acid wart remover
Dissolves warts in 1/2 weeks

PHAR 300 (22 decks)

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